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RISE AND FALL OF THE MAYA EMPIRE
Latin American Studies9/20/2010
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WHERE WERE THEY LOCATED?
YucatanPeninsula
Time breakdown
Preclassic Classic Postclassic
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FAMOUS CITY STATES
Palenque
Tikal
Copan
Chichen Itza
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POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE MAYANS
At least 50 interdependent city states
Each city state has own ahau and nobility
Alliances through marriage
Divine authority; “Overkings”
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A NEW SYSTEM OF WRITING…
Records of genealogies
Proof of religious rituals and lives of warriors/artisans
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CALENDAR
2 versions Solar: 365 days (Haab) Ceremonial: 260 days (Tzolk’in)
Long Count—to recordlonger amounts of time
K’atun=20 years
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RELIGION
Universe in which the heavens were divided into 13 compartments arranged into 7 levels Each ruled by a god
Itzamna—associated with earth and sky; reptilian
Ah Kin: sun; Ix Chel: moon Chac: rain god (givers of rain)
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POPOL VUH
Creation story of the Maya
Story of the hero twins
Passed down through oral tradition
Written down in 16th century
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MAYAN ART AND ARCHITECTURE
Known for their step pyramids (thought to originally have had smooth sides similarly to Egyptian ones)
Use of monumental architecture as a show of power and divine authority
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MURALS AT BONAMPAK
Murals depicting religious sacrifice and conflict
Located inside temple at Bonampak site in present-day Chiapas, Mexico
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FALL OF THE MAYAN EMPIRE
Decline of city states in central heartland began around 800 CE
Many theories, no historical decision on what actually happened Environmental? Political? Wars?