Download - River and Stream Erosion
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River and Stream Erosion
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Complete Starter
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Hydrologic Cycle
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Water picks up energy as it flows downhill.
Water that does not soak into the ground or evaporate will runoff.
Runoff eventually empties into streams, lakes or oceans.
Water’s trip
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Amount of rain that fallsAmount of vegetation on the land
Time span over which it fallsSlope (steepness) of land
What Affects Runoff?
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Forms deep and wide channels carrying many sizes of sediment.
Stream Erosion
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Classified by their agesAges can be identified by:1. Landforms2. Velocity (speed) of the
water3. Carrying ability (size of the
sediment it can transport)
How are Streams Classified?
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Young or Youth Streams/River Fast flow Steep V-shape Large boulders are moved
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Flow slower Starting to meander Does not carry boulders, large rocks bounce
on the bottom of streams
Mature Streams
meander
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Old Streams Flow slowly through
wide, flat floodplains. Smallest sediments
◦ Suspended load – sediments are in the column of water
◦ Dissolved load – dissolved sediment
Features include: Oxbow lakes, large meanders
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A stream that runs into another stream or river is called a tributary.
The running water carries bits of eroded rock called sediment. Larger tributaries carry this sediment until it reaches a main river. The main river carries the sediment to a lake or an ocean and deposits it there.
A river and all of its tributaries is called a river system.
Parts of a River System
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The drainage basin, or watershed, of a river includes all the land that drains into the river either directly or through its tributaries. The high land that separates one drainage basin from another is called a divide.
Example: N. American Continental Divide.
Parts of a River System
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Velocity The distance that water travels in a given
amount of time. The velocity of the water in a river is related to the amount of energy that the water has.
Factors: steepness of the slope, the amount of water shape of the path.
A fast-moving river erodes more quickly/carry larger particles
Characteristics of River Erosion
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Faster erosion & carries more sediment
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Characteristics of a RiverGradient Is the steepness of the slope of a stream
or river .. A river’s gradient varies along its course.
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Discharge The discharge of a stream or river is the
amount, or volume, of water that passes a certain point in a given amount of time.
In many rivers, discharge increases downstream because tributaries continually add more water.
Characteristics of a River
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Channel The path through which the water flows in
a stream or river. The size and shape of a channel affect
the velocity of water.
Characteristics of a River
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