ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG
Background
• Rio Earth Summit – 1992• United Nations Convention on Environment and Development
(UNCED)
UNCED Impact• 1992 Rio Earth Summit:
- 103 Heads of State- 179 Country representatives- 50 000 Delegates (including 2 000 journalists)- 22 000 NGO Delegates – NB recognition
• Global action to Environmental Protection and Presentation
Rio Outcomes
• Rio Declaration- Statement of Intent that underpins Sustainable Development
• Agenda 21- A comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally
and locally by organisations of the United Nations system, governments and major groups in every area in which
humans impact the environment
Rio Outcomes• Three Conventions
- United Nations (UN) Framework Convention on Climate Change- UN Convention on Biological Diversity- UN Convention to Combat Desertification
1995 Copenhagen Programme
• The Social Development Summit on Copenhagen addressed Social Development with emphasis on the negative impact of UNDER-DEVELOPMENT and POVERTY
SUBSTANCE
Rio Legacy• Agenda 21, environment & development linkage
• Aid target 0,7% of developed countries’ GDP
• Commission of Sustainable Development 1 – 10
• Convention on Biological Diversity and CITES
• Montreal Protocol and Ozone depleting substances
• Basel Convention on hazardous waste
• Convention for Prior Informed Consent for trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste
• Climate Change Convention & Kyoto Protocol
• Stockholm Convention on POPs
Assessing Rio Legacy
• Post-Rio globalisation process reinforcing global inequality
• Sustainable development programmes and commitments have been unable to reverse this process
• Failure to integrate international systems for trade, finance and investment with sustainable development commitments
Other Problems
• Fragmentation of conventions & institutions
• Development institutions underfunded & ineffective
• Complex governance systems hinder developing country participation and co-ownership
• Aid funds limited and aligned to developed country priorities
• Poor implementation of development targets
• Gaps in international conventions
Johannesburg Legacy will depend on:
• A properly managed global consensus– Between governments– Between stakeholders
• Ownership and participation by global leaders
• Concrete outputs and deliverables
• Excellent logistics – “WOW” effect
• Security
• Symbolism, branding and legacy
South Africa’s Message
• Poverty and inequality are greatest threat to sustainable global development in 21st Century
• Seriously tackling inequality will involve changes in terms of trade, investment, debt relief
• Governments cannot do this alone – partnership with business, industry and civil society is critical
• Regional programmes like MAP may be the ideal delivery model
Agenda must achieve:
• Renewed commitment to the implementation of Agenda 21
• Implementation of global commitment to combat poverty for sustainable development
• Impact on economic factors underpinning marginalisation of Africa and developing world – trade, finance, investment
• Johannesburg programme of action with clear targets, delivery mechanisms, resource commitments, monitoring
Agenda must also:
• Get agreement to replenish and restructure global financing mechanisms
• Align resources, investment and finances behind sustainable development agenda, and mobilise resources for MAP
• Get agreement on instruments to address gaps in international governance framework, and focus on capacity building for equitable global governance
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
•Trade•Finance•Investm
ent•Technol
ogy transfer
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
•Water
•Health
•Energy
•Education
•Food security
ENVIRONMENT•Oceans
•Atmosphere
•Biodiversity
•Land degradation
•Climate change
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
•Trade•Finance•Investm
ent•Technol
ogy transfer
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
•Water
•Health
•Energy
•Education
•Food security
ENVIRONMENT•Oceans
•Atmosphere
•Biodiversity
•Land degradation
•Climate change
Economic Development Programmes
BETTER ACCESS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
TO GLOBAL MARKETS
INCREASE INVESTMENTFOR DEVELOPING
ECONOMIES
RESOURCE COMMITMENTe.g. support for MAP
FROM DEVELOPMENTFINANCE INSTITUTIONS
TECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENT &
TRANSFER
DEBT RELIEF PROGRAMMEEXTENDED TO OTHER
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
•Trade•Finance•Investm
ent•Technol
ogy transfer
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
•Water
•Health
•Energy
•Education
•Food security
ENVIRONMENT•Oceans
•Atmosphere
•Biodiversity
•Land degradation
•Climate change
Social Development Programmes
GLOBAL PROGRAMME FORACCESS TO SAFE WATER
AND SANITATION
ENERGY ACCESSPROGRAMME PUTS 50%
AFRICAN HOUSEHOLDS ONINTEGRATED ENERGY GRID
POA TO ENSUREUNIVERSAL
LITERACY & NUMERACY
POA TO ENSUREINCREASED GLOBAL
FOOD SECURITY
POA FOR HIV/AIDS &COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES IN AFRICA
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
•Trade•Finance•Investm
ent•Technol
ogy transfer
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
•Water
•Health
•Energy
•Education
•Food security
ENVIRONMENT•Oceans
•Atmosphere
•Biodiversity
•Land degradation
•Climate change
Environment Commitments
• Environmental protection of the poor
• Greater commitment to developing country agendas– Desertification– Sustainable use of biodiversity
• New global instruments to address gaps– Oceans and coasts– Forests– Waste– Air pollution
• Rationalise conventions for better developing country engagement - “IEG” process
Environment Programmes
CONSERVATION &MANAGEMENT OF
NATURAL RESOURCESFOR DEVELOPMENT
INTERNATIONALENVIRONMENTAL
GOVERNANCE
MITIGATING GLOBALCLIMATE CHANGE
TO ACHIEVE TARGETSIN 2008 – 2012
PROTECTINGENVIRONMENT & HUMAN
RIGHTS THROUGHWASTE AND AIR
POLLUTION REDUCTION
Governance
• Peace, democracy, security and stability as essential platformsfor sustainable development
• Enhance MAP programme for sound governance in participatingcountries
• Rationalise global environmental governance system
• Strenghten coordination of environment, social and economicaspects of Sustainable Development, and effectiveness ofCommission for Sustainable Development
The Road to Johannesburg
CSD BUREAUMEETINGS
CSD BUREAUMEETINGS
CSD BUREAUMEETINGS
CSD PREP-COM. 1MARCH 2001
JOHANNESBURGSUMMIT
2 – 11 SEPT. 2002
CSD PRE-COM.2FEBRUARY 2002
CSD MINISTERIALPRE-COMMAY 2002
REGIONAL
PrepComms CSD PREP-COM.3
MARCH 2002
The Road to Johannesburg
Economic cluster Milestones• Trade………… WTO, Qatar - November 2001
• Finance……… GEF – December 2001FFD, Mexico - March 2002
• Investment…… FFD, Mexico - March 2002
• Technology….. Meetings of UNESCO,WTO, UNFCCC
The Road to Johannesburg
Social cluster Milestones• Water………… Bonn Water Conference -
December 2001
• Health………….. Africa Health Ministries
• Energy…………. UNFCCC COP7 - November 2001
• Education………. UNESCO
• Food security…… World Food Summit5 November 2001
The Road to Johannesburg
Environment cluster Milestones• Biodiversity………… CBD COP6 – April 2002
• Oceans & coasts………….. GOM Paris – December 2001
• Forests…………. UNFF, Rome – December 2001
• Atmosphere………. UNFCCC COP7 – November 2001
• Waste…… 8th Session of PIC – October 2001
• Climate change…….. UNFCCC COP7 – November 2001
• Land degradation…….. CCD COP5 – October 2001
Global Partnership with Government
BUSINESS SECTORBusiness Forum
For SustainableDevelopment
UN AGENCY &DFI SECTOR
Engagement withCSD on their
Contribution to POA
NGO SECTOSouthern NGOs
Meeting October 2001Women, Youth, churches
Unions, Civicsparticipating
GLOBALPARTNERSHIPAROUND JHB PROGRAMME
OF ACTION
Partner Contributions
Government Business• Country strategies for Agreement to tackle
Sustainable Development with marginalisation of thematching state resources poorest with “growth”
agreements on trade,investment, financing, infrastructure linked togovernance
• Create conducive Adopt environmental andimplementation environment social auditing systems
• Engineering sub-regional and Proactive investment inregional implementation agreements Sustainable Development
initiatives
Partner Contributions
NGOs DFIs & UN Agencies• Multiple actions to highlight Prioritisation of Global POA in
environment and development these institutionsproblems
• An enabling, facilitatory and Offer of enabling financingcapacity building role within a agreementsglobal POA
• Promote participation of Inter-institutional coordinationmarginalised groups likewomen and youth
• A constructive “watchdog” role Mechanism to integrate IMF,WB, WTO, and other non-UNinstitutes
Early agreement on roles, institutional arrangements andfinancing NB
Johannesburg Outputs
• Global partnership to address inequality and poverty
• Johannesburg POA to deliver on WSSD outcomes includingMillennium Summit targets, with monitoring and delivery mechanisms, financing mechanisms, timeframes
• Integration of trade, finance and investment issues into Sustainable Development agenda
• Specific sectoral agreements and programmes
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue
- International Environment Governance
Description
- Re-organising the International Environmental Governance regime into a more efficient model and effective system which integrates and coordinates currently fragmented MEAs and initiatives
International Process or Milestone
- IEG High level meetings (Sept, Dec 01 and Jan 2002)- CSD 10 and Prep Comms
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - Issues
Issue- Finance for Sustainable Development
Description- Linking financing for development debate to Sustainable
Development agenda and POA. Re-organisation of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) for better co-ordination and support to the IEG system
International Process or Milestone
- GEF Council (December 01, 2001)- UNFFD, Mexico, March 2002
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - Issues
Issue- Trade and Environment
Description- Linking the forthcoming trade rounds more effectively to the
Sustainable Development agenda. Linking the environment and development issues with the trade debate in the context of Sustainable Development
International Process or Milestone- WTO round, Qatar November 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - Issues
Issue- Energy
Description- Organising a deal on global access to energy for Sustainable
Development, and the promotion of cleaner production, renewable and energy efficiency. Linkages to be made with consolidation of Kyoto Protocol, and a potential global deal on air pollution
International Process or Milestone- CSD 10 and Prep Comms- COP 7 of UNFCCC, Marrakesh, October – November 2001- 13th MOP Montreal Protocol, October 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - Issues
Issue- Biodiversity
Description- Deepening global programme of action around conservation and
protection of bio-diversity linked to Sustainable Development POA, and in particular food security. Consolidation and implementation issues regarding Biosafety Protocol, Intellectual Property Rights agreements, bioprospecting
International Process or Milestone- 2 INC for Cartegena Protocol (November 01, 2001)- CBD COP6 Hague (April 02, 2001) - COP5 UNCCD Geneva
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - Issues
Issue- HIV/Aids
Description- WSSD to recognise the threat posed by HIV/AIDS and other
communicable diseases to Sustainable Development, and commit to global POA building on the proposed Africa wide communicable diseases programme
International Process or Milestone- African Health Ministers meeting- WHO meetings- Waste- Extension of hazardous waste and POPs to broader global deal
on waste minimisation and recycling - 8th session of Rotterdam Convention, October 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue- Waste
Description- Extension of hazardous waste and POPs to broader global deal on
waste minimisation and recycling
International Process or Milestone- 8th session of Rotterdam Convention, October 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue- Fresh Water
Description- Global deal on shared water resources, water resource
management, access to water services and sanitation, and programme of action to address Millennium declaration targets
International Process or Milestone- Bonn Conference on Water, December 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue- Oceans
Description- A global deal on oceans and coasts which integrates and
consolidates regional seas and coastal agreements, covering both commercial and protection issues
International Process or Milestone- Oceans and Coasts Conference, Paris, December 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue- Food Security
Description- Agreement on programme of action to implement Millennium
Declaration targets, linked to biodiversity and desertification programmes
International Process or Milestone- 5 Year Review of World Food Summit, Rome, November 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue- Atmosphere
Description- Extension of current MEAS on climate change, ozone, POPs to a
more overarching agreement on protection of the atmosphere, air pollution, standards for emissions. Possible linkage with ratification and implementation of Kyoto protocol, and issues around energy
International Process or Milestone- CSD 10 and Prep Comms- COP 7 UNFCCC, Marrakesh, October – November 2001- 13th MOP Montreal Protocol, October 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue- Desertification and land degradation
Description- Deepening global commitment to POA on desertification and land
degradation, and revitalising UNCCD and funding mechanism for UNCCD.
International Process or Milestone- CBD COP6 Hague (April 02)-COP5 UNCCD Geneva
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue- Forests
Description- Agreement on a global programme of action to address the loss of
the world’s forests and associated biodiversity, linked to the broader sustainable development agenda
International Process or Milestone- CSD 10 and Prep Comms