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Road to Paris 2015
climate talks
with cities thinking globally,
acting locally
Contributions of European
Commission support?G. Janssens-Maenhout, F. Raes
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The Anthropocene: a new geological epoch
Paul CrutzenNobel Prize-winning, atmospheric chemist
How did human beings alter the
global natural ecosystems so far?
Anthropogenic greenhouse gas
(CO2, CH4, N2O, F(g)) emissions:
primary cause of global warming
The industrial revolution marked an increasing human influence on the Earth SystemThe industrial revolution marked an increasing human influence on the Earth System
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Change of the Earth System (Atmosphere, Biosphere, Cryosphere,
Hydrosphere, Geosphere)
Greenhouse Gas (76% CO2, 16% CH4, 6%
N2O, F-gases) emissions increase
MITIGATION:
reducing greenhouse gas
emissions
ADAPTATION:
Building climate resilient society
Global warming
14% buildings10% industry
MITIGATION: science / technology?
• Limit Energy demand in increase
• Increase energy efficiency
• Fuel shift: gas instead of coal, renewables, nuclear energy
• Carbon storage and capture
Electri-city26%
Flaring & Fugitive
5%Other3%
Industry19%Waste
3%
Road 10%
Other 4%
Agricul-ture13%
Other11%
Land use
24%
Industry 22%
Transport 13%
Energy Sector 34%
IPCC AR5 WGIII (2014)
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ADAPTATION: science/technology ?
Prevention
Early warning/ Preparation
InterventionRemediation/ Reconditioning
Reconstruction
Assessing hazards & risks
Reducing vulnerability
Improving resilience
Science ?Political & Social!
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GLOBAL achievements ?
CO2 report of Olivier, Janssens-Maenhout, Muntean, Peters (2015)
EU contribution?
Kyoto Protocol
Climate & Energy package 2020
package 2030
EEA Progress Report (2015)
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The COVENANT of MAYORS is a mainstream European movement for the sustainable energy & climate protection: involving local and regional authorities
CoM 6-year Assessment report of Albana, Melica, Rivas, Zancanella, Iancu, Janssens-Maenhout, Bertoldi (2015)
LOCAL initiatives?
6,568 signatories
210,570,480 inhabitants
28% of EU28 citizens
4.6% of EU28 citizens
34% of EU28 citizens* As off October 2015
EC-JRC and Covenant of
Mayors Office
EC-JRC and Covenant of
Mayors Office
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The emission inventories model of the Covenant of Mayors
Only the part related to the consumption of key sectorsKEY SECTORS
Direct fuel combustion
Other Direct Indirect
Covenant of Mayors: is popular amongst rather small cities
Population size distribution
Of cities in EU28
Of signatories in CoM
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Covenant of Mayors performance indicators
Tonnes CO2 eq. per capita emitted in signatory cities.
MWh per capita of final energy consumed in signatory cities.
3.915
Reference inventory 2007
Target 2020
- 28% - 25%
4.115.7- 23% - 21%
5.35 20Monitoring 2015
New developments in the Covenant Initiative
1. Covenant goes beyond 202040% reduction until 2030
2. Extension towards countries outside EU28 (focus on developing countries: e.g. China)
3. Incorporation of adaptation measures
143 November 2015
Biannual ceremony of the Covenant of Mayors Brussels, 15 October 2015
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Reporting, measuring, verifying ?
National inventory
reporting (Kyoto)
To monitor the emission reductions over time
Greening of cities, improved urban
life quality
Bottom-up Inventories
We need data, statistical infrastructure,emissions gridmaps.
US GHG information system (2015)
EDGAR CO2 emissions gridmap 2010
ton CO2------------0.1 x 0.1
Downscaling to 700mx700mTorino – Milano - Brescia
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Data assimilation helps assessing emissions trends
Annual inventories of nations/ cities (sector-
specific totals)
Data assimilation
Site measurements (e.g. flux towers,
flask measurements)
Satellite data (measured gas
column concentrations)
Are we prepared to be assessed ?
NASA, 2015
Conclusions• EC is party of UNFCCC and helps monitoring Kyoto
Protocol targets of EU28 Member States
• The EU’s Climate and Energy package: extension to 2030 (with 40% greenhouse gas reductions (27% renewables and 27% energy efficiency)
• EC’s initiative of the Covenant of Mayors initiative helps cities establishing sustainable energy action plans, and also adaptation plans.
• With a united voice of the small cities, awareness is raising, even at global level
• We need reportable, measurable, verifiable data for monitoring the emissions reductions.
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Thank you for your attention
More info: Edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu