Download - ROCK CYCLE - Genesis Manansala
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The Rock Cycle
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Igneous
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• Formed from molten rock (magma/lava) that has cooled• Literally means “from fire”
Volcanic Eruption
Igneous Rock
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can become
***When the lava cools and turns into a solid, it can turn into quartz.
Liquid hot lava
As an example:
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Formed on top of the crust.Small, hard to see crystals (cooled
quickly)Ex: Pumice, Obsidian
***No visible crystals in either rock
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When magma from below rises and punches through, the minerals don’t have time to crystallize – therefore, they produce rocks with small crystals.
Magma(inside)
Lava Flow(Outside)
Boom!ash, gasses,
volcanic glass, etc.
The lava will quickly cool into solid rock!
Other types of rock can be blasted out
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IGNEOUS - Extrusive Little or NO Crystals!
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IGNEOUS - Extrusive Little or NO Crystals!
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IGNEOUS - Extrusive Little or NO Crystals!
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IGNEOUS - Extrusive Little or NO Crystals!
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IGNEOUS - Extrusive Little or NO Crystals!
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Formed inside the crust/mantle. These types always have large visible
crystals. (cooled slowly) Ex: Granite and Gabbro
This is a special kind of Granite called: “Pink Granite”
***Notice that both rocks have easy to see crystals
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Magma
When magma from below rises up, but does not make it to the surface, the minerals start to crystallize slowly and form large crystals.
Or not…This became Granite because it never made it to the surface!
Notice the bulge that forms! There might be an eruption soon!
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IGNEOUS - IntrusiveLarge Interlocking Crystals!
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IGNEOUS - IntrusiveLarge Interlocking Crystals!
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IGNEOUS - IntrusiveLarge Interlocking Crystals!
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IGNEOUS - IntrusiveLarge Interlocking Crystals!
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Sedimentary
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Formed by sediments (pieces of rock, shells, and dead organisms) becoming “cemented” (stuck) together.
Coal
Limestone
Sandstone
Conglomerate
***You can see lots of different stuff stuck together in these rocks!
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1. Start at the Surface
4. Sedimentation & Deposition
5. Compaction & Cementation
2. Weather (Break Up)
3. Erode (Carry Away)
© Beadle, 2009
Sediments worn away gather here
Igneous rock
Layers of sand and sedimentsRain moves sand, dirt, and
rocks down to the ocean
Earth surface
Ocean
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Metamorphic
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To “Morph” means to change it!
• They were once Igneous or Sedimentary rocks that got buried DEEP under ground.
• The heat and pressure from being deep underground changed the rocks.
• Has large, inter-grown crystals in thin “bands” (Foliated) or clusters (Non-Foliated).
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1. Get some pre-formed rock – Igneous or
Sedimentary will do.
2a. Add Heat “cook
it”
3. Cool & (Re)-Crystallize
4. Metamorphic Rock!!!
Note: If it melts completely and
cools; It will turn back into an
Igneous Rock
2b. Squeeze (pressure) to
“Foliate”
Heat and pressure
Rocks are“Morphed”
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Rock Cycle