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Rocks and the Rock Cycle
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I. Characteristics
A. Solid
B. Formed in nature
C. Usually a mixture of
minerals
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D. Can have organic
matter
E. Identification is
based on mineral
content and texture
I. Characteristics
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II. Rock TypesA. Igneous - formed
from cooling and
hardening of
magma or lava
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1. Extrusive - formed from lava
a. fine or glassy texture, small crystals
b. examples: obsidian, pumice, basalt
A. Igneous
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2. Intrusive - formed from magma
a. Coarse texture, large crystals
b. example: granite, quartz
A. Igneous
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II. Rock TypesB. Sedimentary - formed
from compaction and
cementation of
sediments, usually in
water
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2 Types
a. clastic – made up of bits and pieces of rock or organic matter– Example - conglomerate,
sandstone, shale
B. Sedimentary
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2 Types (cont’d.)
b. non-clastic – made from minerals dissolved in H2O (chemical) or made up of once living things (organic)– Example – limestone,
gypsum, rock salt
B. Sedimentary
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II. Rock TypesC. Metamorphic
1. Definition - formed when
existing rocks are changed
by heat, pressure or
chemical action
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2. Typesa. foliated - visible layersof different minerals (example: gneiss)b. non-foliated - no visiblelayers (example:marble)
C. Metamorphic
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• Peat – Organic material, not yet a rock
• Lignite - soft, low heat output, fast burning
• Bituminous - most abundant (Va. Resource)
• Anthracite - hard, high heat output, slow burning
III. Coal Type/Facts
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Coal Formation
Not Rock
Rock
Organic Matter
Peat
Lignite Coal
Bituminous Coal
Anthracite Coal
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IV.The Rock Cycle
A continuous process
in which rocks change
from one type to
another.
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A. melting
B. weathering - the breaking down of rock by physical and chemical means
C. compaction and cementation
D. cooling and hardening
E. heat and pressure
V. Processes that form Rocks
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IGNEOUS
METAMORPHIC
SEDIMENTARY
Sediments
Magma
weath
ering
weathering
weathering
com
pactio
n/
cemen
tation
meltin
g
coo
ling
/h
arden
ing
melting
melting
heat/pressure
heat/pressure
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• Fold paper in half longwise
• Cut left half in three places from the left edge to the fold, making 3 flaps on the left side
• Turn paper so that the flaps fold and face you
Foldables Instructions
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• On the outside place the rock types
• On the inside top, write the rock type definition
• On the inside bottom, write the rock type examples
Foldables (cont’d.)