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Role of Radar in Microwaves
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
Merrill Skolnik, Life Fellow, IEEE
Falak Shah 09bec082 Nisarg Shah 09bec084 Guided by Dr. Dhaval Pujara
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Flow of contents
• Central Idea• Early Developments• What happened during world War II• Applications• Microwaves In Modern Radar• Possible Future Directions For Radar
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Central Idea :Interdependence
Microwaves Radar
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1880-Hertz Experiment
• Maxwell theoretically proved EM waves exist
• 1880, Heinrich Hertz- first radar scientist experimentally proved
• 450 MHz microwaves fed to dipole
• Followed by JC Bose 60-120 GHz
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1939-Varian brothers Klystron
• Predecessor of magnetron by Varian brothers of Stanford University
• Most important high power radar application device also frequency controllable.
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1940-Magnetron
• 1930 radar concept given theoretically
• Need of high power stransmitter
• High frequency radar (3 GHz) for detecting smaller objects
• Limitation of high power overcome by magnetron
• Frequency depends on dimensions of cavity
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What happened during World War-II
• 1940-setup of MIT radiation lab for research on application of magnetron for radar.
• 4000 personnel aged 20-30 gathered & gained expertise on 100 different radar equipments
• Allies gained upper hand over axis powers• Radar was evolved much faster when placed
into civilian hands than controlled by military • Today, TWT which is variant of klystron widely
used
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Other applicationsWeather Radar at Oklahoma Ground penetrating Radar
-Seahawk Navigation
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Other ApplicationsSpeed measurement Sea Ice Mapping
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Microwaves In Modern Radar
• Digital signal processing• Differentiate between more than one target• Transmitters The klystron is a good choice for high-power
applications, with the TWT (Travelling Wave Tube) as a candidate when wide bandwidth is needed.
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Phased Array Radar
• Phase array antenna is used in advance radars now a days.
• This can form various directional patterns and provide varying directivity.
• An advantage of a phased array is its ability to perform multiple functions such as surveillance and weapon control with a single system.
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TWT
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Possible Future Directions For Radar
• Developing Jammer Technologies• Radar Sea Echo• Phased array with fixed beams (Ubiquitous)• Millimetre wave radar
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THANK YOU