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Romanticism1800-1860
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• 1789 George Washington elected first President of the US
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• 1803- Thomas Jefferson elected 3rd President of the United States• Louisiana Purchase enlarged territory
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• 1812 War- Victory asserted American Independence
• 1821-10 new states join the original 13
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Changes in America
• Factories and mills• Steamships• Moved nation from largely agriculture to
urban industrialized society
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Nation and New Literature
• First decades lacked mysterious vitality that made literature
• Later subjects included: settlers, Indians, forest, madness, sin and guilt
• European critics wondered why intelligent people would want to read something from America, yet many American Writers were having success in Europe
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• Washington Irving – “The Legend of Sleepy Hallow”
• William Culleen Bryant- “Thanatopsis”
• James Fenimore Cooper- “The Last of the Mohicans”
• Edgar Allen Poe- “The Raven”
• Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Scarlet Letter
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What/Who are the American Writers?
• People who considered themselves writers
• People who wrote about American people in American places dealing with American problems
• People whose subjects were about freedom, expansion, and the individual
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What is Romanticism?
• A literary movement in the arts that attempted to follow the order and balance in the art of Greece and Rome (originated in Europe)
• Classic-reason over emotion and social concern over personal ones (1700’s)
• Romantic-stressed personal experience and highly emotional; rebellion against social rules and conventions
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Six Characteristics of Romanticism• Love of nature• Focus on the self and individual• Fascination with the supernatural, mysterious,
and gothic (dark, irrational side of human nature)
• Yearning for picturesque (beauty)• Deep rooted idealism (state of perfection)• Love of country
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Romanticism blends into a movement called
Transcendentalism