ROMEImpero Romano
and the Rise of CHRISTIANITY
Chapter 5
Italy
USA
Mediterranean Sea
AFRICA
EUROPE
GEOGRAPHY
Continent: Europe
GEOGRAPHY Peninsula: Italian or Apennine
GEOGRAPHY Mountains: Apennine
Appenine / Italian PeninsulaAppenine Mountains
GEOGRAPHY Farming plains:north – Po River Valleymiddle – Latium (Rome)
south - Campania
Po River Valley
Latium
Campania
Rome
Mediterranean Sea
R 0 M ELocation on peninsula (good for expansion):
centralMiles inland (safer from pirates): 18
Rome
R 0 M E
River (sea access, easy crossing): Tiber
Built on hills (easily defended): 7
INDO EUROPEANS
North: Eturia – Etruscansdress – toga, short cloak; army organization; came to control Rome
toga
INDO EUROPEANS Middle, hills of Latium: Latins spoke Latin, herders-farmers
LATINE pluribus unum
One out of manyCarpe diem
Seize the day Et tu, Brute?
Even you, Brutus?
INDO EUROPEANSSouth, Sicily: Greeks olives, grapes, alphabet, arts
Latin/Roman alphabet
Roman numerals
Etruscans
Latins
Greeks
REPUBLIC509 B.C.: Roman
Republic261 B.C. - peninsula conquered by:
Etruscans
REPUBLIC Formed the: Roman Confederationconquered were made allies and allowed to rule themselves, but must provide soldiers
REPUBLIC Roman historian:
Livy
Model for a hero: Cincinnatus
Cincinnatus
Cincinnati, Ohio
GOVERNMENTLandowners, ruling class:
patriciansCraftspeople, merchants, small
farmers: plebeiansMen from both classes could vote
as: citizens
GOVERNMENT Group of 300 patricians, served
for life, whose advice became
law: SenateRome’s first code of laws: Twelve Tables
GOVERNMENT Example for U.S. law:
Law of Nations
LAW OF NATIONS innocent until
proven guilty accused allowed to defend himself judged by evidence
AMENDMENT VI“…the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury … to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process of obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.”
PUNIC WARS Punic – Latin for: Phoenician
Phoenician colony in north Africa (part of west Mediterranean empire): Carthage
West Sicily (part of Carthaginian empire) attacked by: Rome
EUROPE
AFRICACarthage
PUNIC WARS Carthaginian General:
Hannibal crossed Alps on elephants to invade
RomeConquered all of Carthaginian empire
and eastern Mediterranean:
Romans
Hannibal crosses the Alps to conquer Rome using “battle elephants”
TRIUMVIRATES Government by 3 people with equal power:
triumvirateFirst Triumvirate, 60 B.C.: Crassus, Pompey, and:
Julius Caesar
TRIUMVIRATES Gained complete control, named
dictator, 45 B.C.: CaesarGave land to poor, increased Senate
to: 90044 B.C. event portrayed in
Shakespeare’s play: Caesar’s
assassination
TRIUMVIRATES Second Triumvirate - Lepidus, Marc Antony, and:
OctavianAntony allied with Egyptian
queen: Cleopatra
Cleopatra
TRIUMVIRATES Won the empire: OctavianNamed imperator – our word for:
emperor
TRIUMVIRATES 31 B.C. – A.D. 14 :
Age of Augustus