Ron A. Sequeira Ron A. Sequeira and Christina Devorshak and Christina Devorshak USDA-APHIS-PPQUSDA-APHIS-PPQ
Center for Plant Health Science and TechnologyCenter for Plant Health Science and Technology
Safeguarding Agricultural and Environmental Resources:
Regional Centers of Phytosanitary Excellence
An initiative to globally refocus safeguarding efforts
US
You-All
We are in this together…
A Functional Hierarchy for COPEs
STANDARDS REVIEW COMMODITY RISK ANALYSIS
SURVEY, DETECTION & DIAGNOSTICS
TREATMENT PROTOCOLS
IPPC, NPPO and COPE Leadership
QUALITY CONTROL TRAINING
Emergency Response Capacity
SafeguardingPlants for Planting
Develop action plans targeting high risk pests and pathways
Trade BarriersDevelop risk analysis products to
target SPS Technical Issues
Pest and Disease SurveillanceProvide input to pest lists and
characterization of invasiveness research
Quality Assurance / AccreditationDevelop accreditation or
certification for oversight of targeted pathways
BiotechnologyRisk Analysis and policy reviews
Offshore risk reductionCOPE networking and IPPC-
mediated multilateral exercises
Enhanced Risk AnalysisSupport streamlining risk analysis
support
Export SupportDevelop commodity risk analyses
to support U.S. exports
Areas of Emphasis for COPEsAreas of Emphasis for COPEs
Organism PRACommodity PRA Pathway Analysis Intl. and Outreach
NPAGPest ListsPotato Wart,KBMini PRAsNRC
Fruit and VegetablesEU Q37sQ37
Northern BorderSouthern borderGarbage
NAPPO/IPPCOffshore Pest InfoPASOutreachReg. Curriculum
NSPL-RA
R. Sequeira
PERALR. Griffin
NSPL-AQI
L. Zettler
NSPL-BioTech
P. Berger
NSPL-IPM
R. Sequeira
NSPL-Survey
D. Fieselmann
CPHST DirectorGordon Gordh
Associate DirectorV1
Assistant DirectorS1
Managing the process: one example
EradicationManagementExclusion
•Broadcast pesticides•Bait sprays•Male annihilation•Irradiation•Planting date•Host Plant Resistance•Biological Control/Inundative releases•Sterile Insect Release•Exclusion through enclosed production•Tissue culture•Systems Approaches/IPM•Paratransgenesis•Field Sanitation•Mass trapping•Pheromone disruption•Culling•Screens/mechanical barriers•Restriction to non-suitable areas
•Indexing•Clean stock programs•HACCP•Steam/Vapor Heat•Hot Water•Chlorine dip•Fungicide dip•Washing•Waxing•Cold Treatment•Cold Storage•Containment/Low Prevalence•Area freedom•Fumigation (soil)•Fumigation (commodity)•Harvest timing•Inspection/Rejection
Treatment Menu(Pre- and post harvest phytosanitary options)
Strategic Analysis at COPEs
Photo by Ken Hammond
Port
insp
NPPO means
“No plant pest o
pposed”
Ralstonia
SOD
AL
B
CLB
Plu
m P
oxGypsy M
oth
KB
Giant Afric
an Snail
Fru
it f
lies
Gra
ssho
pper
/Mor
mon
Cric
ket
EAB
Larch
Canker
Citr
us C
anke
r
SBR
PSB
Stemming the tide through ports of entry… or taking the battle offshore…?
Safeguarding (Safeguarding (CountermeasuresCountermeasures) Continuum) Continuum
PREVENT PREEMPT RESPOND MITIGATE RESTORE
Where we need to be…
Where we were (are?)
DETER DETECTDENY
DESTROYDECIDE CONTAIN
MANAGE
RECOVER
Desiderata (another look at Offshore Hazard and Risk Management)
•Offshore risk management based on regional partnershipsSPS Capacity buildingPhytosanitary Centers of Excellence
•Offshore risks information and alert systemsIPPC PortalsGPDD/OPISIS “safeguarding officers”PreclearanceCPHST risk analysts
•Trade FacilitationExport/Import
•The OIE Model
•OIE regional representations
•OIE regional commissions
Best Practices Approach
United States
Colombia
France
South Africa
Japan
Phytosanitary Centers of Excellence
SPS Capacity Building For Africa
SPS Seminar Series APHIS Risk Assessment Advisors
Regional SPS Resource Centers and LaboratoriesCenter of Phytosanitary Excellence (COPEs)
PRA Center SPS Lab Training Center
Building National and Sub-Regional CapacityPreclearance Programs Infrastructure Strengthening
Seminar SeriesSeminar Series
WTO/PolicyWTO/Policy Risk Assessment TrainingRisk Assessment Training Public/Private Sector DialoguePublic/Private Sector Dialogue
APHIS PRA Technical AdvisorsAPHIS PRA Technical Advisors
One Risk Assessment Advisor placed at One Risk Assessment Advisor placed at each US Trade Hub each US Trade Hub (Gaborone, Kampala, Accra)(Gaborone, Kampala, Accra)
Additional short-term technical assistanceAdditional short-term technical assistance Cochran training (market analysis and risk Cochran training (market analysis and risk
assessment)assessment)
Regional SPS Resource Centers Regional SPS Resource Centers and Laboratoriesand Laboratories
PRA CenterPRA Center SPS SPS LaboratoryLaboratory
Training Training CenterCenter
Conduct PRAs Conduct PRAs for countries for countries and exporting and exporting agribusinessesagribusinesses
Pest mappingPest mappingCompile and Compile and store pest datastore pest dataConduct Conduct mitigation trialsmitigation trials
Risk AnalysisRisk AnalysisPPQ IssuesPPQ IssuesSPS SPS Infrastructure Infrastructure BuildingBuilding
Measuring successMeasuring success
Enhanced export opportunitiesEnhanced export opportunities Protecting borders and territoriesProtecting borders and territories Emergency response and recoveryEmergency response and recovery
– Detect and assess new pestsDetect and assess new pests– Respond as neededRespond as needed
Protect national resourcesProtect national resources Demonstrate NPPO effectivenessDemonstrate NPPO effectiveness Provide assurance to trading partnersProvide assurance to trading partners
The Colombia CEFThe Colombia CEF
APHIS Attaché/Colombia, John Shaw, and APHIS Attaché/Colombia, John Shaw, and APHIS PPQ’s Ron Sequeira created a APHIS PPQ’s Ron Sequeira created a local/regional center that conducts PRAs local/regional center that conducts PRAs and mitigation research.and mitigation research.
Using this model could help us replicate the Using this model could help us replicate the work of the three risk assessment advisors work of the three risk assessment advisors currently in Sub-Saharan Africa.currently in Sub-Saharan Africa.
R. A. Sequeira and Christina DevorshakUSDA-APHIS-PPQ
Center for Plant Health Science and Technology
Centers of Phytosanitary Excellence