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Russia
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Russian Federation FlagThere is no official meaning of to the Russian flag but
some Russians believe the following: white
symbolizes generosity and frankness; blue stands for
loyalty, honesty and wisdom; red means courage,
magnanimity and love
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Political Map Russia
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• Population Size:
145,231,000
• Land Size: 6,592,735
square miles
• Capital City: Moscow
Russia General Facts
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Russia`s Physical
Characteristics
• Russia has varied terrain, although the landscape has
specific characteristics in different regions
• The highest mountain range in Russia is the Caucasus
Mountains in the south east, reaching as high as
18,000 feet
• Most of Russian land is fairly flat (not counting the
mountains that is)
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Ural Mountains• The Ural Mountains are the dividing line between Europe and Asia.
• The average elevation of the Ural Mountains is 2,000 feet.
• A number of low passes through the Urals permitted migration.
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Rivers
• Water from much of the land
west of the Urals ultimately ends
up in the Volga River.
• The Volga River is the longest
river in Europe.
• The Volga river empties into the
Caspian Sea, which is the
worlds largest lake
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Ecosystem-Tundra• The northern region of Russia is the Tundra.
• A tundra is a largely treeless plain dominated by very small plants.
• Animals here include- Reindeer, Rabbits, Foxes, and Polar Bears
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Ecosystem Taiga• Extending across Russia to the south of the tundra is a broad forested
zone called the Taiga.
• Taiga- Land of Little Sticks
• This is a reference to the fact that trees don`t grow to great size in this
area.
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Ecosystem-Steppes• South of the Forests are broad open stretches that the Russians call
Steppes
• This is Russia`s Most productive agricultural region.
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Siberia• Very little population in the region comared to land mass
• Much of it is covered with a layer of Permafrost (permanently frozen
soil)
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The History of Russia
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Russia from the Beginning
• Modern Russia began around 800 c.e.
• Located around the modern day capital of Ukraine,
Kiev, where Vikings from the north settled after sailing
the regions rivers, trading as they went.
• In the year 1237 c.e. Mongol warriors from east
central Asia conquered the region.
• After two centuries, Russians were able to free
themselves from the Mongols.
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• Czars (Caesar) became the next rulers of Russia
• Peter the Great who governed from the late 1600`s and early 1700`s expanded control to the pacific in the east and the Baltic in the west.
• He built the city of St. Petersburg and declared it the new National Capital.
Czars of Russia
and Expansion
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Catherine
the Great
• She extended Russian control
farther west and gained control
of parts of Poland, Belarus, and
Ukraine.
• Considered by many as one of
the most powerful Czars in
Russian history.
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Napoleon Makes a Mistake
• In 1812 Russian power was challenged by Napoleon.
• Late in the year Napoleon led an invasion force of 600,000
troops that captured Moscow.
• As the French troops were closing, in the residents of
Moscow fled and burned the city to the ground as they left.
• By burning the city, all resources that the French Troops
could have used to survive the harsh Russian winter were
destroyed.
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• The destruction of Moscow and all its resources forced Napoleon to
retreat back to France, costing the lives of 70% of the hundred
thousand men that left Moscow with him.
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The Rise of Communism
• After suffering several
defeats during World War
I and severe food
shortages, rioting started
calling for the Czar to step
down in favor of a new
Government system.
• In February of 1917 Czar
Nicolas II abdicated the
throne and gave up his
crown.
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In comes the Soviet Union
• After the Russian Revolution, a
new Government was
established, following the ideas
of Karl Marx.
• Under the rule of Vladimir Lenin
the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics was established.
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The Communist
System• Command Economy- an
economy in which a central
authority decides what goods
will be produced.
• Millions of Russians believed
that communism would improve
their lives.
• They found instead that the
Communists had become their
new masters and nothing had
really changed.
• The standard of living remained
poor and people had no
freedom to make personal
choices.
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Second Verse, Same as the
First• Not studying history, Hitler decided to invade the Soviet Union in the
winter
• Hitler and the Nazi army suffered a similar defeat as Napoleon
because of the harsh winter conditions and lack of supplies.
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The End of Communist Rule
• Under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet
Union began many radical reforms and changes.
• Perestroika- was an economic restructuring aimed at
returning to private ownership
• In 1991 Gorbachev resigned officially ending the
Soviet Union.
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Modern Day Russia
• President Putin is currently the leader of Russia
• While much progress has been made since the Cold
War, there are still slightly strained relationships
between the US and Russia