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RwandaRwanda
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Statistics about RwandaStatistics about Rwanda
Approximate size of MarylandApproximate size of Maryland Religion: Christian 93.5%Religion: Christian 93.5% Life expectancy: 47 yearsLife expectancy: 47 years Most densely populated African nation = Most densely populated African nation =
345 people per .39 square miles345 people per .39 square miles
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Rwanda’s Ethnic GroupsRwanda’s Ethnic Groups
Pygmies (1%) originally in the areaPygmies (1%) originally in the area Hutus (84%) = established farmersHutus (84%) = established farmers Tutsi (15%) = cattle breeders arrived Tutsi (15%) = cattle breeders arrived
and established a monarchyand established a monarchy– made the Hutus serfs [attached to land= made the Hutus serfs [attached to land=
forced laborers]forced laborers]
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European ImperialismEuropean Imperialism
1916: Belgians1916: Belgians Identity cards Identity cards
issuedissued Belgians “rule” Belgians “rule”
through Tutsithrough Tutsi TallerTaller Lighter-skinnedLighter-skinned ““thinner noses”thinner noses”
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Ethnic StrifeEthnic Strife
Hutus push for power equal to their Hutus push for power equal to their numbersnumbers
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Independence - 1962Independence - 1962
Kayibanda elected Kayibanda elected president (Hutu)president (Hutu)
1973 – Military 1973 – Military coup – Gen. coup – Gen. Habyarimana Habyarimana (Hutu)(Hutu)
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Hutus seek control of TutsiHutus seek control of Tutsi
Interahamwe: Hutu civilian militia•armed and supported by Hutu army•Weapon of choice = machete
Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF):•Tutsi rebels•Form in Uganda•Cross-border invasion 1990
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Assassination? Assassination? Civil WarCivil War
1994: President Habyarimana’s plane is shot down, Hutus blame Tutsi “cockroaches”
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Start of MassacreStart of Massacre
Rwandan National Radio:“Cut the tall trees”
Targets:•Tutsi•Moderate Hutu
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800,000 dead in 100 days from April to June
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GenocideGenocide– Deliberate and systematic destruction of an entire Deliberate and systematic destruction of an entire
people who belong to one racial, ethnic or political people who belong to one racial, ethnic or political group.group.
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Hotel des Mille CollinesHotel des Mille Collines
Paul Rusesabagina = “Moderate” Hutu
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International InterventionInternational Intervention
Peacekeepers Peacekeepers – sentsent– attacked by militiaattacked by militia– withdrawnwithdrawn
Token force of 270 left Token force of 270 left behindbehind
Other countries?•Evacuate their citizens•No intervention / aid for Rwandans
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Collapse of the Hutu Collapse of the Hutu GovernmentGovernment
RPF attacks from Uganda againRPF attacks from Uganda again– Hutu army, interahamwe defeatedHutu army, interahamwe defeated
Ends the GenocideEnds the Genocide
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Post-Genocide GovernmentPost-Genocide Government
•Paul Kagame = Former RPF Commander = President
Tutsi president = Tutsi president = Hutus flee to D.R.C.Hutus flee to D.R.C.
Attempts at Multi-Attempts at Multi-ethnic ethnic ‘coalition’ ‘coalition’ governmentgovernment
Kagame re-elected Kagame re-elected 20102010