![Page 1: S. A. Giamini. Graphene A hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon. In its basic form it is a one-atom thick (2D) sheet. Interesting properties: Better electric](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfec2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
S. A. Giamini
![Page 2: S. A. Giamini. Graphene A hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon. In its basic form it is a one-atom thick (2D) sheet. Interesting properties: Better electric](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfec2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Graphene
A hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon. In its basic form it is a one-atom thick (2D) sheet.
Interesting properties:Better electric conductor than copper, high mobility, ballistic transport, great thermal conductivity, harder than diamond, almost completely transparent and more…
Dedkov et. al Epitaxial Graphene on Metals
![Page 3: S. A. Giamini. Graphene A hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon. In its basic form it is a one-atom thick (2D) sheet. Interesting properties: Better electric](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfec2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Motivation
Grow graphene by CVD with Ni as catalyst
Understand and describe methods and techniques that could help graphene integration and application
Single layer Graphene - Good quality - Large area
• Thermal budget • Growth temperature
IC industry
Post-silicon era
![Page 4: S. A. Giamini. Graphene A hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon. In its basic form it is a one-atom thick (2D) sheet. Interesting properties: Better electric](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfec2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Growth of graphene by CVD
Growth process
Growth chamber
Transfer process
![Page 5: S. A. Giamini. Graphene A hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon. In its basic form it is a one-atom thick (2D) sheet. Interesting properties: Better electric](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfec2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Graphene on nickel foil 25 μm – Typical Growth at 600 °C
I2D/IG = 0.7 Fwhm = 65
• 3 layers or more• Low defects• Non uniform
![Page 6: S. A. Giamini. Graphene A hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon. In its basic form it is a one-atom thick (2D) sheet. Interesting properties: Better electric](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfec2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
| Copper foil side
| Nickel foil side
Deposition of copper on nickel foil in electrochemical cell
Deposition of amount equivalent to ~10 nm of copper(100)
12 2 22 HCONH H O 2[ (HCONH ) ] 2enCu n Cu
12 ( ) 22[ (HCONH ) ] +2e HCONHn sCu Cu n
![Page 7: S. A. Giamini. Graphene A hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon. In its basic form it is a one-atom thick (2D) sheet. Interesting properties: Better electric](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfec2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Graphene (transferred) from nickel foil 25 μm –copper decorated Growth at 600 °C
I2D/IG > 3 Fwhm = 30ID/IG ~1 high
Growth over the entire surfaceUnconnected areas
![Page 8: S. A. Giamini. Graphene A hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon. In its basic form it is a one-atom thick (2D) sheet. Interesting properties: Better electric](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfec2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Graphene Raman I2D/IG mapping and XPS spectra
C-sp2, 284.4 eV
C-sp3, 285.4 eV
C=O, ~287 eV
XPS shows well defined sp2 peakwith very little "contaminants"
Raman I2D/IG mapping shows good uniformity with ratio > 1.5
![Page 9: S. A. Giamini. Graphene A hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon. In its basic form it is a one-atom thick (2D) sheet. Interesting properties: Better electric](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfec2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Graphene from nickel foil 25 μm – copper decorated Importance of surface roughness
I2D/IG > 3ID/IG ~ 0.15
Low defect – Single Layer Graphene
I2D/IG > 3ID/IG ~ 1
High defect – Single Layer Graphene
![Page 10: S. A. Giamini. Graphene A hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon. In its basic form it is a one-atom thick (2D) sheet. Interesting properties: Better electric](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfec2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Graphene STM and lattice measurements
Line profiles in agreementwith theoretical values
STM showing the honeycomb lattice of graphene
![Page 11: S. A. Giamini. Graphene A hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon. In its basic form it is a one-atom thick (2D) sheet. Interesting properties: Better electric](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfec2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Conclusions
Graphene growth by CVDNickel as the catalyst
Single layer growth on copper decorated nickelLow temperature process (600 °C)
Tune growth parameters for continuous mm-sized grapheneInvestigation of the role of copper during growth
![Page 12: S. A. Giamini. Graphene A hexagonal honeycomb lattice of carbon. In its basic form it is a one-atom thick (2D) sheet. Interesting properties: Better electric](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070414/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfec2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION