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S & T for Enhanced Societal Security:
A European Approach
Bengt SundeliusProfessor of Government, Uppsala University
& Swedish National Defence College
Swedish Agreement Director for Science &Technology Agreement with
The US Department of Homeland Security
and coordinated by the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency
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Societal security – a social contract with the citizens
It is an obligation of good governance to prepare for the unthinkable and to
allocate the necessary resources to minimize the impact on people and
society from catastrophic events
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An All Hazards plus Approach
Societal consequences are similar for crises caused by natural disasters, man-made disasters or by terrorists and other antagonistic threats.
Critical functions of Society are at stake
This approach draws on a different logic than a counter-terrorism plus approach, where immense investments in security measures for antagonistic threats may also give other societal security effects.
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Challenges for Societal Security
• Trans-boundary & Real Time Flows
• Technological Interconnectedness
• Second & Third Order Consequences
• Mediatization
• Governing versus Government
• Public Service versus Private Profit
• Multilevel, Cross-sector & Multilateral Capacity
Building
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Failures of
• Imagination (9/11)
• Initiative (Katrina)
• Next: Coordination (trans-boundary crisis)
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Overcoming Jurisdictional and Mental Gaps
• Security and Safety professionals
• Civil and Military professionals
• Civil and Civil authorities
• National, Regional and Local authorities
• Public authorities and Private Sector
• Public domain and Volunteer associations
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Generic Crisis Management Capacities
Situational Awareness
(understanding)
CoordinatedDecisionMaking
CoordinatedExternal
Information
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Crisis Communication
The image of the crisis and the crisis must be handled simultaneously
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Vulnerability Surpluses & Crisis Management Capacity Deficits in Europe
• Domestic focus is dangerously limiting
• EU Solidarity Clause for managing trans-boundary
crises (not yet ratified Lisbon Treaty)
• Requires coordination across:
– Multi-sectors,
– Multi-levels,
– Multi-institutions,
– Multi-nationals,
– and Multi-continental
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Research Training
Improved Practices
• Societal Security Research Program
• Curriculum Development for Higher Education
• Comprehensive Training and Coordinated
Exercises for Government Authorities and with
Private Sector and NGO Engagement
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Research based programs for Capacity Building and Training
• Linking professionals in leadership roles across sectors and nations
• Using interactive simulations and scenario based exercises to strengthen the common capacity for coordination
• Establishing an institutionalized core for Solidarity driven capacity building through research and training
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Evolution of civil European security researchEvolution of civil European security research
From ESRIF web-site
PASR (2004-2006)
45 M€
time2013201220112010200920082007200620052004
FP7 Security Theme(2007 -2013)
1400 M€
ESRAB report “Meeting the challenge: the European Security Research Agenda”(Oct 2006)
ESRAB (2005-2006)
“European Security Research: The Next Steps” (Sept 2004)
GoP report “Research for a secure Europe” (March 2004)
GoP (2003-2004)
ESRIF(2007-2009)
“Fostering Public-Private Dialogue in Security Research and Innovation”(Sept 2007)
Various national programmes
SRC’06 Vienna
SRC’07 Berlin
SRC’08 Paris
SRC’09 Stockholm
SRC’10 Brussels
New Commission Communication announced
Nationally based security research programs are estimated to match EU level funding ~10:1
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Place and Time 13
UK: Security and Counter-Terrorism Science and
Innovation Strategy
SE: National Security Technology Research and Innovation Program
NL: R&D Programme on Security, Safety and Technology
FR: Research Programme CSOSG - Concepts, Systèmes et Outils
pour la Sécurité Globale - (National Research Agency ANR)
AT: KIRAS – The Austrian Security Research Programme
FI: Technology Programme on Safety and Security
DE: Research for Civil Security
From ESRIF web-site
Security research Security research
in the in the Member StatesMember States selected
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From ESRIF web-site
What is ESRIF: Purpose and objectivesWhat is ESRIF: Purpose and objectives
European Security Research & Innovation Forum
• to develop and promote a European civil „Joint Security Research and Innovation Agenda“ for all European stakeholders (public and private)
– Advising European & national civil security research programmes
– Taking a mid & long term perspective
– Bringing together the demand and supply side of security solutions, and the civil society perspective
• to aid the structuring process in the security domain on both demand and supply side
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From ESRIF web-site
ESRIF working ESRIF working groupsgroups
Security of the citizens, counter terrorism,organised crime
Security of critical infra-structures
Border security
Crisis Management
Foresight and scenarios
CBRNE
Situation awareness & the role of space
Identification of people & assets
Working groups along political missions & thematic areas
Working groups on special challenges
across the political missions
Working groups concerning horizontal issues
Innovation, industry & technology base, and market issues
Governance & coordination
Human and societal dynamics of security
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Key Components of S & T for Enhanced Societal Security
• Final ESRIF report presented in Stockholm at the 4th annual European Security Research Conference on September 29-30, 2009
Technologies
Enhanced societal security
Humans Organizations
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Vision for the Future
European Security Research Programs and North American Science & Technology programs should underpin a coherent Euro-Atlantic approach to meet antagonistic threats and natural or man-made disasters, reduce transnational vulnerabilities and build trans-boundary capacities to strengthen our shared societal security.
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Euro-Atlantic Security Research and Innovation
Meeting at a Critical Juncture
Welcome to Stockholm, Sweden
September – October 2009
Jesper Grönvall
Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency/Embassy of Sweden
Washington D.C.
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Bilateral SE – US Agreement on Cooperation in Science and Technology for Homeland Security Matters signed 13 April,
2007 in Washington D.C.
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Why Transatlantic Cooperation?
Fundamentally• We share core values and strong historical ties across the Atlantic• We share many dependencies/vulnerabilities/threats
Joint activities• Strengthens the transatlantic link, bilaterally and between the EU
and North America• Increases the understanding of threats and risks • Supports structures and processes for support in crises• Allows for the sharing of lessons learned after an event• Facilitates dialogue on important topics (e.g. balance between
security and integrity)• Allows for industrial and university based S&T cooperation
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Examples of performed activities
– Explosives/1st Responder workshop, May, 2007 (SE)
– Human Factors workshop, June, 2007 (multilateral, SE)
– Chem/Bio workshop August 2007 (multilateral, SE)
– Maritime Domain Awareness exercise May 2008 (SE)
– Explosives workshop, June 2008 (multilateral, SE)
– Chem/Bio lab-tour September 2008 (US)
– Critical Infrastructure Protection workshop April 09
(multilateral, SE)
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DHS S&T Bilateral Agreements
Canada
Australia
UK
Singapore
Sweden
Israel
Mexico
France
Germany
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Science & Technology for Societal Security
• Co-hosted by Sweden (Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency) and the US (DHS, Science & Technology Directorate)
• Ambition is to bring together ~700 participants• Exhibit with thematic pavilions (Gov agencies, industry, academia)
Critical Infrastructure ProtectionIncident Management/Geospatial informationMaritime Situational Awareness & Border SecurityDisaster Medicine CBE threats
1 – 2 October, Stockholm, Sweden
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Purpose & goals
Communicate research needs, capability gaps and priorities within the transatlantic societal security research area• Create and sustain partnerships among scientists, managers, users• Compare/contrast security research profiles (identify gaps, reduce
duplication, pool resources)• Engage and connect North American Centers of Excellence – EU Networks
of Excellence• Engage and involve the private sector as providers and users of S & T
Initiate policy discussions across the Atlantic on how to secure our societies against a broad spectrum of threats and risks• The Swedish EU-Presidency (July 1 to December 31, 2009) will give priority
to a strengthened transatlantic partnership in many areas, shared societal security being one of them.
4th annual European Security Research Conference (SRC09) • Organized by the EU Commission and Sweden back-to-back with EASC09 at
the same venue on September 29 – 30.
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Welcome to Stockholm, Sweden,
for strategic discussions on enhancing
Euro-Atlantic Societal Security
Research and Innovation
• www.easc09.se
• http://www.src09.se/
• http://beta.stockholmtown.com/en/ (Visitor guide to Stockholm)