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presented to
presented by
Cambridge Systematics, Inc.
Transportation leadership you can trust.
SAFETYPLANNING
Safety Planning Boot Camp
Turning Safety Ideas into Reality
Louisiana Transportation Conference Participants
February 19, 2013
Susan Herbel, Nicole Waldheim,
and Pam Beer
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Military training
Listen to the 1980s band, Bootcamp
Get inspired by Billy Blanks military
exercise program
Address research findings
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Define Transportation Safety for the state and regions
Learn strategies for better incorporating safety into the
planning process, also known as transportation safety
planning (TSP)
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Brainstorm and identify methods
for better integrating safety into
transportation planning and
programming documents
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Name
Agency
Expectations
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Connection to decision-makers
Analytic skills and tools
Commitment to the public good
Holistic perspective of the transportation network Ability to prioritize and program regional transportation investments
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Defining Safety
History, Background,
and Challenges
The Seven Principles
Implementing the
Seven Principles
Next Steps and Adjourn
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Current Thinking
Everything We Do
is Safe
End Result
Safety Will Be a
Priority in the Long-
Range TransportationPlanning Process
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Safe Transportation Projects
Any transportation project inclusive of safety benefits, such as
cost effective mobility solutions Sidewalks
Multiuse trails
Bicycle lanes
Roadway operational upgrades
Safety Projects
A safety project addresses a specific safety need on thetransportation network Median barriers to reduce head-on collisions
Shoulders and rumble strips/stripes to prevent running off
the road
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ISTEA
TEA-21
TSP working group
Safety conscious planning forums Conference panels and presentations
Research NCHRP 08-44, 08-44(2), 08-76, etc.
SAFETEA-LU
SHSP Safety Conscious Planning Transportation Safety Planning
MAP-21
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Highway Safety Improvement Program maintained
SHSPs remain centerpiece of program
Safety maintained as planning factor for states/MPOs
USDOT will establish performance measures and standards
within 18 months of enacting MAP-21
States/MPOs will establish performance targets
HSIP States will track safety PMs for
Serious injuries and fatalities per vehicle mile traveled
Number of serious injuries and fatalities
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Newer Concept
Competing Priorities
Safety Initiatives are Reactive
Funding Silos
Limited Staff and Tools
Institutional Resources Lacking
No Ribbon Cutting in Safety
Other Documents Address Safety
Often Takes
the Backseat
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NCHRP 546
Incorporating Safety
into Long-Range
Transportation Planning
NCHRP 08-76
Institutionalizing Safety
in the Transportation
Planning Processes
NCHRP B08-76
Implementing
the Framework
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Monitor safety performance and evaluate safety programs and policies
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Collect and analyze safety data
Include safety expertise on transportation planning committees1
Define and include safety in the vision, goals, and objectives in
transportation planning documents2
Establish safety performance measures4
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Establish safety as a decision factor6
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Include safety in the context of other transportation goals and objectives(i.e., bicycle, pedestrian, highway, transit safety)3
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Traditional Transportation
Planning Process
Engage
Multidisciplinary Committee
Define the Visions,
Goals, and Objectives
Establish System
Performance Measures
Identify Transportation
Improvement Strategies
and Alternatives
Evaluate and Prioritize
the Strategies
How/where to incorporate safety into transportation planning
Invite safety stakeholders to attend meetings and keep them engagedthroughout the planning process
Ensure safety is a major goal of the organization, with commitment toit at the highest level
Identify the needed safety improvements in the transportation systemand identify performance measures
Collect and analyze safety data
Use the data to identify specific transportation safety issues. If the
problem is large enough, a standalone plan addressing the issuecould be warranted
Establish safety as a decision factor for the selection of transportationprojects by including safety as a goal in the LRTP and considering itin the scoring and ranking process
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Develop the Long-Range
Transportation Plan (S/TIP)
Develop the Transportation
Improvement Program (S/TIP)
Undertake
Project Development
Implement
Projects
Monitor and Evaluate
System Operations
Use safety data and policies from other planning documents todevelop a safety goal in the LRTP
Use safety data and performance measures to help prioritize programsand projects identified in the LRTP
Design standalone safety projects or consider safety elements in
the analysis (i.e., NEPA) and design (i.e., MUTCD) for TIP projects
Construct standalone safety projects or incorporate safety elementsinto other TIP projects
Routinely track and monitor safety programs and projects to evaluatesuccesses or identify course corrections, assess progress towards
performance targets, and use tracking information to continuallyrevise and refine the entire planning process
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Three Step Process for Each Principle
What does the research say? (NCHRP 08-76) Challenges
Opportunities
Example
What are you currently doing? (Open Discussion)
What else could you be doing? (Action Plan Development)
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Transportation Committees
Focus on highways, transit, ITS, bike, pedestrian, and freight
Safety usually not a primary focus
Safety Committees Working knowledge of safety issues
Knowledge of SHSP
Focus on HSIP or 402 planning and funding
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Identify and meet statewide and regional safety
stakeholders (4 Es)
Invite safety representatives to join existing committees or
develop a new safety committee
Make safety a regular agenda item during meetings
Collaborate to identify and define the role of safety planners in
the transportation planning process
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Invite safety stakeholders
to join MPO and DOT committees
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Regional Transportation Safety Stakeholders Group
Federal Highway Administration, Arizona Department of
Transportation, Arizona Department of Public Safety, AAA
Arizona, AARP, Arizona State University, and 17 local agencies
Provide Guidance on Safety Plan and LRTP
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Safety is a primary planning factor, but it is not always given
equal consideration in the LRTP vision, goals, and objectives
It is implied rather than explicitly stated
SHSP goals are simply adopted,
but not customized Objectives are not developed,
which provide the framework
for project selection and performance
measure selection
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Establish safety as a priority early in the process
Identify the necessary resources (e.g., data, tools) and partnerships
to comprehensively develop safety as a goal with measurable
objectives
Demonstrate key safety needs to the public, stakeholders, and
decision-makers (use maps, crash data, etc.)
Use the SHSP emphasis areas as a guide
Review the relevant safety goals, policies, and strategies in
standalone transportation plans or safety plans
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Create a vision, goal(s), and accompanying objectives inclusive
of safety to set the stage for identifying safer programs and projects
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The SHSP and stand alone safety plans are critical documents but
are:
Strategic plans with targeted strategies
Focused on safety specific countermeasures
Do not identify strategies to betterintegratesafety into futuretransportation projects
The LRTP often does not identify strategies to betterintegratesafety
into future transportation projects
References SHSP or regional stand alone safety plan
Assumes safety will be considered during design phase
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Collaborate with stakeholders to identify the key multimodal
safety needs, beyond those established in the SHSP
Establish transportation safety goals for highways, transit, bicycle
and pedestrian facilities, freight, etc with specific objectives
Expand upon SHSP strategies and actions
Consider safety elements, in addition to other factors such as
mobility, accessibility, sustainability, etc., when developing goals,
objectives, strategies, and actions in planning documents
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Consider safety in the context
of ALL transportation issue areas
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Adopted applicable goals
from SHSP and customized
strategies to meet
regional needs
Developed additional goalsand strategies in LRTP to meet
all safety needs
Pedestrian safety is not in the
SHSP, but is an important
regional transportationsafety need
Stand-Alone Pedestrian Plan
has a strong safety focus
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States and MPOs will generally track one or more of the
following measures
Number of fatalities/fatal crashes
Number of serious injuries/serious injury crashes
Fatality rate (fatalities per 100M VMT)
Serious injury rate (serious injuries per 100M VMT)
Crash rate (crashes per 100M VMT)
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Reach agreement on the issues that need to be measured
(refer to goals and objectives)
Identify candidate performance measures
Determine if the data exist to support the candidate
performance measure
Collect and analyze the data for developing achievable safety
performance measures
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Determine whether to invest in data collection
Ensure a strategic data collection plan is in place with
appropriate quality assurance/quality control procedures
Assign responsibility for data collection, analysis, and tracking
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Develop and align performance measures based onthe safety elements of the planning goals and objectives
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Goal Increase the safety of the
transportation system for motorized
and nonmotorized users
Measure of
Effectiveness
Objective Improve safety on facilities
and in operations
Level of investment in safety projects
Objective
Reduce roadway and
multimodal crashes
Number of accidents (highway, bicycle,
and pedestrian)
Objective Increase safety at transit stops
and intermodal stations and connections
Number of accidents at transit stops
and stations
Objective Implement Safe Routes to
School program
Implementation of Safe Routes to
School programs
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Data should be used to inform the goals, objectives,
strategies, and performance measures, but difficulties include
Data inaccuracies
It is difficult to convey to the public
It can deter a proactive approach to safety shows where theproblems are now
May differ amongst agencies, lowering level of trust
Data do not match public preferences
Analysis tools may be lacking or expertise to use them
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Identify available data at the state, regional, and local levels
Identify data gaps, e.g., what are the perceived needs and are
data available to support these needs?
Develop a data collection strategy
Develop formats to demonstrate the data in meetings
Use the data to focus on the top needs to support goal and
objective development
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Collect crash and injury data to
identify the key transportation safety needs
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Determine what safety analysis tools are available and which
are most appropriate for your agency
Leverage existing analysis capabilities within the state
Publish the results of the analysis annually to educate
stakeholders, the public, and decision-makers
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Identify and select the data analysis
tool most relevant to your needs
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Highway Safety Manual
SafetyAnalyst
Interactive Highway Safety
Design Model (IHSDM)
Crash Modification Factor(CMF) Clearinghouse
Proven Safety
Countermeasures
Systemic Approach
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FHWA 9 Proven SafetyCountermeasures
Safety Edge
Road Safety Audits (RSAs)
Rumble Strips andRumble Stripes
Median Barriers
Roundabouts
Left- and Right-Turn Lanes
Yellow Change Intervals
Median and Pedestrian
Refuge Areas
Walkways
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Bicycle goal
Increase the mobility, accessibility,
and safety of bicycle users in the region/state
Bicycle objectives Improve on-road
bicycle facilities
Short-term bicycle safety strategies
Install low-cost countermeasures at
high-crash locations
Long-term bicycle safety strategies Identify ways to incorporate
bicycle improvements at new developments
Performance measures Number of bicycle fatalities
PrioritizationA bike project has a better opportunity to advance if
it also decreases the number of bicycle crashes
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The safety goals and objectives are not well defined,
precluding safety from being a strong consideration during project
prioritization
Safety projects are identified and ranked only against other
safety projects
Safety factors are not considered in the context of all transportation
projects
Safety is considered in the design stage, not the planning and
project prioritization stage
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Ensure the established ranking or scoring system for
transportation projects reflects safety
Clearly state the goals and objectives of the plan in project
solicitation forms and the ranking criteria for each element(including safety)
Explain to the community the purpose and importance of the
safety rating to ensure community buy-in
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Weight safety equally with other planning factors
when prioritizing transportation projects
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Including safety in the decision process for transportation
project selection
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Does the project address or help address a
safety concern?
Project
Scoring
The project clearly addresses a significant
road-safety concern
16 points
The project improves safety 10 points
It is not clear if the project will improve road safety 4 points
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Technical Selection Criteria
Highways (25 points)
Crash Rate/Frequency
Crash Severity
Incident Management
Transit (15 points)
Points on an integer scale by assigning points for every safety
feature or provision.
Bike/Ped (25 points)
Level of Service
Crash History
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Tracking progress relies on
Data collection
Data quality
Data management systems
Staff time Well defined performance measures
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Identify what to trackinclude the identified performance measures,
as well as general progress on strategies and objectives by
goal area
Create a tracking document to measure the desired achievements
Discuss the evaluation results often to determine whether changes
in policies or programs are appropriate
Regularly (at least annually) report on program and project
effectiveness to the decision-makers, stakeholders, and
partner agencies
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Monitor and evaluate system performance to refine the safety
elements of goals, objectives, and performance measures
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Track progress towards goals and objectives
(implemented strategies)
Track progress on performance measures
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Susan Herbel
Cambridge Systematics, Inc.
(202) 494-5539
Nicole Waldheim
Cambridge Systematics, Inc.
(301) 347-9132
Pam Beer
Cambridge Systematics, Inc.
(301) 347-9145
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Thanks for attending the boot camp
Keep in touch!