S6 GeographyS6 Geography
What is Geography?What is Geography?►Geography by nature is a Geography by nature is a
discipline which asks questions discipline which asks questions arising from the arising from the spatial structuringspatial structuring (distribution and arrangement) of (distribution and arrangement) of the environment and from the environment and from spatial spatial situationssituations in which physical, biotic in which physical, biotic and socioeconomic phenomena and socioeconomic phenomena interact.interact.
It seeks to establish theories It seeks to establish theories onon
►how people and things are distributed and how people and things are distributed and organized spatially on the earthorganized spatially on the earth
►why people and things form certain kinds why people and things form certain kinds of spatial patterns in particular placesof spatial patterns in particular places
►whether similar patterns of interactions whether similar patterns of interactions between people and their environment between people and their environment recurrecur in different parts of the world in different parts of the world
►the nature of the processes that have the nature of the processes that have operated to produce these spatial operated to produce these spatial patternspatterns
It seeks to establish theories It seeks to establish theories onon
►how knowledge of these processes how knowledge of these processes may provide guidance to people may provide guidance to people making decisions about the location of making decisions about the location of activities, the use of the land and activities, the use of the land and other resources, the environmental other resources, the environmental impact of human activities, and the impact of human activities, and the planning, prediction and control of planning, prediction and control of selected phenomena on the earth’s selected phenomena on the earth’s surface.surface.
AL Geography SyllabusAL Geography Syllabus►There are 3 landscapesThere are 3 landscapes►Natural LandscapesNatural Landscapes►Agricultural LandscapesAgricultural Landscapes►Urban & Industrial LandscapesUrban & Industrial Landscapes
Natural LandscapesNatural Landscapes►Climatic SystemClimatic System►Biotic SystemBiotic System►Man-land RelationshipMan-land Relationship►Landform SystemLandform System
AL ExaminationAL ExaminationPaper 1Paper 1 Paper 2Paper 2
Time allowedTime allowed
Type of QuestionType of Question
No. of questions setNo. of questions setNo. of questions No. of questions should be answeredshould be answeredAny compulsory Any compulsory questionquestion
3 hours 3 hoursStructural
question Essay
9 115 4
1 Nil
Reading AssignmentReading Assignment►David Waugh, Geography: An Integrated ADavid Waugh, Geography: An Integrated Approach, Chapter 9, pp. 206-259pproach, Chapter 9, pp. 206-259
Components of Climatic Components of Climatic SystemSystem
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere Biosphere
Lithosphere
Components of Climatic Components of Climatic SystemSystem
►AtmosphereAtmosphere►HydrosphereHydrosphere►LithosphereLithosphere►BiosphereBiosphere
Structure of the atmosphere
The atmosphere can be divided into several layers according to temperature.
• troposphere (對流層 )• stratosphere (平流層 )• mesosphere• thermosphere
Structure of the atmosphereTroposphereTropospherecontains most of the gases• the layer where major weather occurs• air mixing• temperature decreases with increasing altitude• 6.5oC per 1 km• environmental lapse rate
Components of the atmosphere
Structure of AtmosphereStructure of Atmosphere
Climatologists divide the atmosphere into different layers according to the change in temperature
►Air pressure Air pressure decreases decreases as altitude as altitude increasesincreases
►because of because of gravitygravity
Spatial Spatial distribution distribution of Gasesof Gases
Components of Components of AtmosphereAtmosphere
►Nitrogen 78.9%Nitrogen 78.9%►Oxygen 20.95 %Oxygen 20.95 %►Water vapour 0.2 - 4.0%Water vapour 0.2 - 4.0%►C0C022 0.03% 0.03%►Ozone 0.00006%Ozone 0.00006%► Inert gasesInert gases►Dust Dust ►Pollutants e.g. C0Pollutants e.g. C022 , NO, methane , NO, methane