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SACRED SCRIPTURE
Anne Shore
Assumption [email protected]
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Revelation
• God has chosen to revealGodself to humanity in concrete
Words and Deeds.• This Revelation is interpretedand passed on to us through
Scripture and Tradition.• Bible is without error incommunicating what God wantsus to know
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Context
Context: We must take intoaccount the culture & beliefs of
time, the literary form, & processof revelation
The culture of the authors of Genesisdid not distinguish between knowledgeand belief, science and philosophy,history and religion. Ideas wereexpressed in a way that would engagethe entire person; body, mind and soul.
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What is the bible?
THE INSPIRED WORD OFGOD
– Authors’ words but God’sinspiration
– Knowledge we need forsalvation
– Requires discernment A LIBRARY 73 Books
– collection of many booksfrom many authors (1000BCE – 100 ad)TWO MAINSECTIONS
SACRED WRITINGS TWO SECTIONS
Old TestamentNew Testament
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Writing Styles
allegory ( symbolicrepresentation) ,
biography, autobiography,
genealogy, historical narrative, political, legal, prophetic, poetry, prose, memoirs, sermon, song, fable, personal letters, (parable), myth, etc.
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Scripture Authorship
In composing the sacred books, Godchose humans and while employed
by God (2) they made use of theirpowers and abilities, so that withGod acting in them and throughthem, (3) they, as true authors,consigned to writing everything andonly those things which God
wanted. (4) “Dei Verbum”
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Formation of Scriptures
Events: grew out of real experiences in lives
of Jewish people & early Christians
Oral Tradition: oral stories told from group
to group
Written Tradition: Various parts of oral
tradition began to be written down – servecontemporary audience
Edited Tradition: editors went over &
arranged in connected narrative
Canon: chosen as truthfully representing
faith experiences & nourishing them; OT
Council Jamnia; NT Trent 1545-1563
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Canonical Criteria
Apostolic Origin - attributed to and/or based onthe preaching/teaching of the first-generationapostles (or their closest companions).
Universal Acceptance - acknowledged by allmajor Christian communities in theMediterranean world (by the end of the fourthcentury).
Liturgical Use - read publicly along with the OT
when early Christians gathered for the Lord'sSupper (their weekly worship services).
Consistent Message - containing theologicalideas compatible with other accepted Christianwritings (incl. the divinity and humanity Jesus).
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HEBREW SCRIPTURES(THE OLD TESTAMENT)
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World of Old Testament
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Old Testament
A covenant between Godand Hebrews
46 books
Four major sections – Pentateuch – Torah
stories of creation, sin,origin of God’s chosenpeople
– HistoricalTell how Israelitessettled in PromisedLand. Stories of kings
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Old Testament
- WisdomBooks of poetry and
collected wisdom ofIsraelites- Prophets
Collected speeches andbiographies of Israelite
prophets and about constantcall to be faithful to covenantrelationship during years ofsettling & living in Holy Land
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Covenant
Idea of covenant pervades all scripture
Solemn agreement between God & human beings; involvesmutual promises; binding on both parties
Central theme: God has entered into relationship ofcovenant love with us.
God cannot stop loving us because it is God’s nature tolove
Exodus: powerful sign of God’s saving love for humanity:God chooses to set us free from slavery; God suffers with
oppressed & leads them to freedom Saving event of Jesus Christ – death & resurrection
Exodus & Easter about freedom – being set free forcommitment to God’s people
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Old Testament
CATHOLIC BIBLE – Catholics recognize 7 books
which are not included incanon of most other
Christian traditions – TOBIT, – JUDITH, – WISDOM, – ECCLESIASTICUS, – BARUCH, – 1 AND 2MACCABEES, – PORTIONS OF DANIEL AND
ESTER
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New Testament CHRISTIAN SCRIPTURE
– Jesus & birth, growth andteaching of Christian Church
Twenty Seven Books
– Four Gospels (the good news)convey meaning of Christ’s life& teaching as their centralmessage
– Acts – the birth of the Churchand how church was spread
– Epistles (oldest book 1 Thess51 AD) 21 letters by Paul &others give teaching &guidance to early churches
– Revelation records visions of
early Christian named John
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World of New Testament
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Who Do You Say That I Am?
We are not given one pictureof Jesus. Each of the Gospelstell the story a little differently.
– Different literary structure anddevices
– Different chronologies
– Different images and metaphors
– Different emphases
– Authors members of differentcommunities, facing differentconcerns and difficulties
– Not historical biographies
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Gospels
Although the Gospels differ onthe details, they agree thatcertain events in Jesus’ life are
crucial to understanding themeaning of his life.
– Proclamation of theKingdom of God
– Actions at the Temple – Passover
– Crucifixion
– Resurrection
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Gospels
Each gospel organizedchronologically & not as concernedwith details of Jesus’ history as withhis message
Written approximately between 65 –100 CE
Doubtful any one person wasresponsible for total development of
any one of gospels Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke are
similar in so many ways calledSynoptic Gospels
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Proliferation of Apocrypha
Gospels attributed to individual apostles or
groups: – Peter, James, Philip, Thomas,Judas, Mary, pseudo-Matthew,
Matthias, Bartholomew, the Twelve Apostles, Ebionites,Hebrews, Nazaraeans, Egyptians,
Gospels under general titles: – Perfection, Truth, the Four Heavenly Regions
Gospels attributed to heretics:
–Cerinthus, Basilides, Marcion, Apelles, Bardesanes, Mani
Other apocryphal literature: – Apocryphon of: John, James; Apocalypse of John, Peter;
Correspondence between Paul and Seneca; Shepherd of
Hermas
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New Testament: Paul
Paul’s Letters (50 to 62 AD)
– The Main Epistles (6)
• Galatians
• 1 Thessalonians
• 2 Thessalonians**
• 1 Corinthians
• 2 Corinthians
• Romans
(**= Paul’s authorship disputed by modernscholars)
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New Testament: Paul
– The Prison Epistles (4)• Philippians
• Colossians**
• Philemon• Ephesians**
– The Pastoral Epistles (3) (felt today to bewritten by others after Paul died)
• 1 Timothy**
• 2 Timothy**
• Titus**
(**= Paul’s authorship disputed by modernscholars)
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New Testament
Hebrews
– Kind of extended sermon
– In early Church, Paul felt to most likely be
author Most modern scholars feel it is unlikelyPaul was the author
General or Catholic Letters (7)referred to as catholic or universal epistles, because they
are addressed to believing Christians as general audiencerather than specific communities
– James
– 1 Peter, 2 Peter
– Jude
– 1 John, 2 John, 3 John
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Paul’s Three Journeys
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New Testament
Book of Revelation
Book with highly symbolic andmysterious language which reflects a
kind of writing popular with Jews since200 years before Jesus. Written for firstcentury Christians who sufferedpersecution at hands of Romans fortheir beliefs. Book encourages them to
remain faithful to Christ. Deals with theirexpectations that Jesus will return inglory at end of time to fulfill God’s workon earth