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Safinah LtdThe resource to manage your coating risk – minimising your costs wherever you are
www.safinah.co.uk
European Coatings ConferenceReview of the FPSO Market
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Oil forever?
“The Stone Age did not end for lack of stone, and the Oil Age will end long before the world runs out of oil.”
- Sheikh Zaki Yamani, a Saudi Arabian who served as his country's oil minister three decades ago.
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A bit of history
Huntingdon Beach California 1948
$126 for a plot of land free with an encyclopaedia set
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Lake Maracaibo Venezuela 1960’s
Caspian sea 100 miles offshore
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Finally offshore
Louisiana 1947 first system out of sight of land Kerr McGee
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Offshore systemsCivil Engineers Naval Architects
Engineering Co.
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FPSO
Initially for deep water harsh environments
Not suitable for main GOM – shallow water
However– Low time to build or convert and reduced
costs– Result in use in shallow water also as cost
effective
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FPSO
Floating Production Storage Offloading
First FPSO “Shell Castelon” built in 1977 in Spain
Not to be confused with FSO
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Market in Service by number
Canada; 2GOM; 6 Brasil, 37
N.Sea; 22Med; 3
Africa; 38
SW Asia/
M.East; 2
SE Asia; 22
China; 13
Australia; 12
Available; 12
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On order by number
GOM; 3
Brasil, 20
N.Sea; 6
Africa; 3
SW Asia/
M.East; 1
SE Asia; 3
Australia; 2 Speculative, 1
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Order time line No. of FPSO
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
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Where are they being built
Brasil, 25
Europe; 1Africa; 2Singa-
pore; 10
Malaysia; 1
Korea; 6
China; 8
*Includes full and modules
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Projects planned
Mar 2008 – 86
Mar 2011 – 124
Mar 2013 – 154
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Fleet age profile
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Next 5 years
Likely to be sustained at Mar 2008 levels for next 5 years.– World GDP– Demand for Oil declines in developed
countries e.g.US Car fuel consumptions targets
– Shale oils and other sources– Oil price high at present– Rising costs/delays/capacity
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New build issues
Available hulls for conversion as opposed to new build
Local content requirements
Price/Finance
Schedule
Capacity
Bigger vessels and deeper water
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Capacity increasing
Demand is on the increase with Europe mainly going for new builds and or re-deployment (80:20) – high fatigue demand
Rest of the world relying on conversions, then new builds and the redeployment (50:40:10)
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New challenges
Development in subsea tie ups
Price of oil
EOR systems improved
Larger fields ~ larger units
Smaller fields ~ tie back
Pipeline capability/technology.
Temperatures and chemical make up
AIM – Asset Integrity Management
Life Extension
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AIM and Life Extension
The big challenge together with Life Extension programmes– 1 FPSO – 10% of total workforce man-hours on
fighting corrosion
Looking to add up to 10 -20 years on design life
Want to maintain – spend on coatings
Permanent means of access
Anodes
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Coating issues
New build specification
Maintenance specification
Repair specification
Harsh environments– Africa - high corrosion - low fatigue– N.Sea - high fatigue – low corrosion– Edges
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Coating management
Need to engineer solutions– Performance specifications– Processes and procedures– Data recording and mapping– Assessment of coating life – Benchmark testing
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Coating system needs
Life expectancy – 25 years
Through life maintenance
Conservative at New Build (yards)
Owners pay the price..
CAPEX vs OPEX
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Key attributes
New build
Match the process
Match the location/timing
Shop primer weathering/welding
Min number of coats
Compliance/Norsok etc.
Low Al content
Age onset embrittlement
Edges
M&R
Ease of M or R
Process compliant
Alternative technologies
Harsh environments
Time frames
Environmental control
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Anti Fouling
To coat or not to coat– Biocide technology– Biocide free technology– Abrasion/impact– Ice
Load on mooring systems can add huge costs.
New solutions?
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Other areas
Cargo tanks– High temperatures– Sulphur content
Ballast tanks– Critical– Higher temps– Reverse impact
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Other areas
Decks/Turrets– Restricted ventilation– Complex structures– Poor coating system solutions in service
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Coating demand
Based on a generic scheme
Based on a generic FPSO
Serves as an indicator not an absolute
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Vessel areas
Vessel dwt - 110,000
Length - 240m
Breadth - 40m
Depth - 23m
Topside weight - 6000t
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Typical areasArea name Area size sqm
UW hull 7000
UW hull sides 5000
Boottop 3000
Topsides 3500
Decks 10000
Superstructure 3500
Cargo tanks (total) 60000
Cargo tanks (min) 17000
Ballast tanks 100000
Slop tanks and reserves 3200
FW tanks 800
Engine room 11000
Void spaces 2000
Topside structural steel 36000
Topside piping 9000
Total 271000
* Topside equipVendor coatedVague Specs.
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Challenges
Focus on M&R solutions
Focus on benchmark testing
Focus on survey/data collection (all in one service)
Focus on complimentary technologies
Demand will increase as current NB specs are simply not good enough.
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Thank you
Any questions?
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Safinah Ltd
Independent coating and corrosion prevention consultants
www.safinah.co.uk