SALINITY CHANGES IN IRRIGATED AND NON IRRIGATED SOILS WITHIN MENDOZA RIVER IRRIGATED AREA
José Morábito(1,2), Carlos Mirábile(1), Miguel Manzanera(1),
Osvaldo Cappe(2), Diego Tozzi(1) y Leandro Mastrantonio(2)
Instituto Nacional del Agua – Centro Regional Andino (1)
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo – Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (2)
Mendoza, Argentina
Presented by J. Perez Peña
INTRODUCTION
North Oasis of Mendoza
• Annual Rainfal 200 mm
• Irrigated by Mendoza River and Tunuyán River
• Most of the Mendoza population
• Water Uses: potable water, agriculture, recreation, power generation,
others.
• Main agriculture crops: grape, stone fruit trees, fruit trees (peaches,
plumbs, appricots, sweet cherries, pears, apples, quincy) and
vegetables (garlic, onions, tomatoes and potatoes)
Irrigated Area in Argentina 1.6 M ha
Irrigation Water 70% de toda la extracción
Irrigation efficiency 40%
Surface irrigation
Drip irrigation Both?
MAIN GOALS
Evaluate changes in soil salinity with time of cultivated and non cultivated soils in the area of Mendoza River
Identify subareas with increasing or decreasing salinity level
Provide basic information in order to design strategies of recovering affected soils by improving the natural or artificial drainage system or building new drainage canals
Provide general information for those responsible for water use and distribution in order to maintain a salinity balance in the irrigated area
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
Main Measured Variable
Electric conductivity (Cees [mS cm-1 25 ºC]) at 0-50 and 50-100 cm soil depth
Year1973
Year 2002
Irrigated 127 173
Non Irrigated
61 38
1973 (“Comité Conjunto de Mendoza - Agua y Energía Eléctrica, Consorcio Potrerillos”, 1975).2002 Coordenadas y salinidad del extracto de saturación de 2002 (Morábito et al., 2004).
Results and data collected were displayed on maps and analyzed according to soil status and soil depth
Non irrigated in Mendoza is the same as saying non cultivated
Este MendocinoEste Mendocino
South Region
Uco Valley
North RegionHigh Area ofMendoza River
East Region
MENDOZAVITICULTURE AREAS
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N
Estación MendozaAeropuerto El Plumerillo
Estación MendozaObservatorio PGSM
Estación Chacras de Coria
Estación San Martín
Área de Riego Río Tunuyán Inferior
ASOC. INDEPENDENCIAASOC. RIVADAVIAASOC. SAN MARTININSP. CONSTITUCIONINSP. GUEVARAINSP. MEDRANOINSP. MONTECASEROS
Zonas de Riego Río MendozaASOC. 1ª ZONAASOC. 2ª ZONAASOC. 3ª ZONAASOC. 4ª ZONAASOC. 5ª ZONAASOC. 6ª ZONA
Río Mendoza
Río TunuyánEstaciónes Meteorológicas
# Puntos de Muestreo# Eficiencia de Riego
Km5040302010010
1:550000
Sampling locations in the North Oasis
Mendoza River
Tunuyan River
Fra
ctio
n
CE_0_500 40000 80000 120000
0
.1
.2
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Fra
ctio
n
CE_0_500 5000 10000 12000
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Fra
ctio
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CE_0_500 5000 10000 12000
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.2
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Fra
ctio
n
CE_0_500 25000 50000 75000 100000
0
.2
.4
Frequency Histograms for ECes (μS cm-1) soil depth 0 a 50 cm
Non irrigated Area 1973Irrigated Area 1973
Irrigated Area 2002Non irrigated Area 2002
RESULTS
Valores de probabilidad y significancia de la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, dentro y entre grupos, y para cada profundidad de muestreo
Nota: *=significativo y ns=no significativo, para =0,05
Variables respuesta Grupos dentro Grupos entre
CEes 0_50 (S cm-1) CEes 50_100 (S cm-1) 1973 cultivado vs inculto 0,0001 * 0,0001 * 2002 cultivado vs inculto 0,0001 * 0,0001 *
Cultivado 1973 vs 2002 0,0515 ns 0,0671 ns Inculto 1973 vs 2002 0,9684 ns 0,2395 ns
Comparison between irrigated and non Irrigated and between years
2500000 2510000 2520000 2530000 2540000 2550000 2560000 2570000
6330000
6340000
6350000
6360000
6370000
6380000
6390000
6400000
6410000
0
2000
4000
8000
16000
32000
64000
2500000 2510000 2520000 2530000 2540000 2550000 2560000 2570000
6330000
6340000
6350000
6360000
6370000
6380000
6390000
6400000
6410000
0
2000
4000
8000
16000
32000
64000
2500000 2510000 2520000 2530000 2540000 2550000 2560000 2570000
6330000
6340000
6350000
6360000
6370000
6380000
6390000
6400000
6410000
Salinity differences in non irrigated soils for the 0-50 cm soil depth in Mendoza River area (2002-1973)
Areas where
salinity decreased
Areas where salinity increased
RESULTS
2500000 2510000 2520000 2530000 2540000 2550000 2560000 2570000
6330000
6340000
6350000
6360000
6370000
6380000
6390000
6400000
6410000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
2500000 2510000 2520000 2530000 2540000 2550000 2560000 2570000
6330000
6340000
6350000
6360000
6370000
6380000
6390000
6400000
6410000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2500000 2510000 2520000 2530000 2540000 2550000 2560000 2570000
6330000
6340000
6350000
6360000
6370000
6380000
6390000
6400000
6410000
Areas where
salinity decreased
Salinity differences in irrigated soils for the 0-50 cm soil depth in Mendoza River area (2002-1973)
Areas where salinity increased
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
Significant differences in ECes between cultivated and non
cultivated soil
No differences in ECes between 1973 and 2002
Irrigated areas have maintained a salinity balance within the soil probably due to low irrigation efficiencies that
contributed to fulfill the leaching fraction required
If irrigation efficiencies increase, the scenario presented here can be different and therefore this kind of study must be
repeated in the future