Download - Salinity, Temperature, Density
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Salinity, Temperature, Density
• ↓ temp = ↑ density
• ↑ salinity = ↑ densit
• Thermocline– Zone of rapid temp
decrease – Does this correlate with
density and salinity?
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Below the surface waters (>500m) it is cold, dense, and saline.Surface water is effected by wind, currents, latitude, and land masses.
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Colder at the poles; warmer at the equator (upto nearly 30 C)
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Gas
• O, CO2, N• Dissolve better in ↓ temp• ↑ gas concentrations at poles• O not very soluble; .4-.6%
– Compared to 21% in air
• CO2 is more soluble; 80%– Compared to .04% in air– Ocean stores 50x more CO2 than air
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Light• Blue wavelengths
penetrate the furthest• Suspended and dissolved
particles affect penetration– Coastal waters absorb some
blue• Appear more green
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Pressure• 1 atm = the weight of all the
air above• Every 10m of water depth
adds 1 atm• Increases gas compression (↑ gas density = ↓ gas volume)…not so good for swim bladders
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Surface Circulation• Wind drives currents• Both are driven by
sun/heat• Both are affected by
Coriolis effect– Curved path due to
earth’s rotation• N of Equ. deflects to the
right• S of Equ. deflects to the
left
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Wind
• Driven by heat↑ temp = ↓ density…air rises…air from higher
latitudes move in placemaking wind…bent by coriolis effect
• Northeast trades• Westerlies
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• Wind pushes surface water…bent by Coriolis, too
• Together gyres are produced– Large circular surface current systems– Move heat from equ. to higher latitudes
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• Wind causes waves, too.
• Floating objects move in circles rather than following the wave
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• Wind pushes surface water• Wave settles into circular swells• Waves nearing shore run out of space for
circular motion…piles up…crashes
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Tides• Recurring rise and fall
of sea surface caused by gravitational pull & rotation
• Moons gravity pulls water towards moon
• ↓ gravitational pull on opposite side is not enough to counter the outward inertia of earth’s rotation
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• Earth rotation = 24 h– High tide @ bulge– 2 highs & 2 lows in a
24 hr period• Moon has own orbit
– Therefore, full tidal cycle = 24 hrs, 50 min.
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• Sun also has gravitation pull…its larger mass would = much stronger pull, but its much further away…therefore half the pull of the moon
• When both are aligned with earth, grav. pull is additive = higher highs & lower lows = spring tides
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• Diurnal = daily; once in 24 hours• Semi = half; semidiurnal = _____
– US east coast• US west coast has mixed or variable high & low
tides every half day…due to effects of bottom topography and other land masses