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City of San Diegos
Water and Energy Nexus
World Resources Simulation CenterSeptember 22, 2010
George J. Adrian, PEPublic Utilities DepartmentLong-Range Planning & Water Resources Division
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Sources of San Diegos WaterSupply
22
LAKESHASTA
LAKEOROVILLE
State WaterProject(Bay-Delta)30%
Colorado River50%
Local SuppliesandConservation20%
San Diego Countyimports ~80% of its
water supply
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San Diego Water System
33
1.3 million people
404 Square Miles
Avg. Daily Consumption more than200 MGD
9 Raw Water Reservoirs
3 Water Treatment Plants
More than 3,000 Miles of Pipelines
27 DistributionReservoirs/Standpipes
50 Pump StationsMore than 110 Pressure Zones
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By 2030 San Diego may need 11% more water
2007: 248,000
acre-feet per year
2030: 275,925acre-feet per year
San Diego Keeps Growing
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Local Surface Water3%
RecycledWater3% Conservation15%
Imported79%
Source: City of SD Public Utilities Department 8/16/10FY 2010 Actuals
Water Supply Portfolio
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Carbon Footprint by WaterSource
66
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
ColoradoRiverAqueduct
StateWaterProject
Groundwater
RecycledWater
SeawaterDesal
BrackishGroundwaterDesal
OCWDGroundwaterReplenishmentProject
kWh/ AF
Source: Pacific Institute analysis regarding SDCWA data Source of OCWD GW Replenishment: City of San Diego
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Adaptation: Local WaterSupplies
Water ConservationLocal Runoff - ReservoirsRecycled Water
Brackish Groundwater DesalinationGroundwater Conjunctive UseSeawater Desalination (San Diego Region)On-site alternatives:
GraywaterStormwater capture
77
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Electricity Demand in State of California
19% of electricity in California is water related
88Refining Estimates of Water Related Energy Use In California, CEC, December 2006
3% 5%3% 3%
4%1%
81%Gigawatt Hours (GWH)
Agricultural
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Water Supply andTreatment
Wastewater Treatment
Balance
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Estimated Energy Intensity of Water in San Diego County
Relationship of water to energy,broken down
99
56%8%1%5%
30%END USE
WASTEWATERTREATMENT
WATERTREATMENT
DISTRIBUTION
SOURCES ANDCONVEYANCE
Energy Down the Drain, NRDC, August 2004
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Refining Estimates of Water RelatedEnergy Use In California
Indoor uses Outdoor usesNorthernCalifornia
SouthernCalifornia
NorthernCalifornia
SouthernCalifornia
kWh/MG kWh/MG kWh/MG kWh/MGWater Supply &Conveyance 2,117 9,727 2,117 9,727
Water Treatment 111 111 111 111
Water Distribution 1,272 1,272 1,272 1,272Wastewater Treatment 1,911 1,911 0 0
Regional Total 5,411 13,022 3,500 11,111
1010CEC, December 2006
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Residential water energy use
Residential Water Use
%Water Use
Energy for Heating(kWh/AF)
Energy in Distribution,Treatment, wastewater treatment, and Conveyance ,(kWh/AF)
Energy UseTotal(kWh/AF)
%Water-EnergyUse
Toilet 24 0 3,239 3,239 5
Dishwasher 2 36,867 3,239 40,106 5
ClothsWasher 14 36,867 3,239 40,106 34
Shower 21 36,867 3,239 40,106 51
Landscape 40 0 2,424 2,424 5
% Annual Water-Energy Use
100% 82% 12% 100% 100%
1111The interaction of water and energy In California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, June 12, 2008
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Interaction of Water and Energy
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Click to edit Master text stylesSecond level
Third level
Fourth level Fifth level
The interaction of water and energy In California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, June 12, 2008
Desalinization
Shasta
(storage)
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Visualizing Sustainability
Acceptable Uses for WaterEstablishing priorities
Residential Agricultural Business
tourism Recreation
Change in User Behavior Patterns
Adjust expectations for uses and quantity of waterto correspond to priorities
Provide feedback, show visual link to water use andeconomic health
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Challenges to the City
Efficient /effective use of water Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR)
Recycled water
Stormwater
Rainwater harvestingGraywater
Changing public perception of water,its value and real cost Using less water or using the water you have more efficiently Conservation
Alternative landscaping Edible gardens..minimal lawns
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Whats at Stake?
Water shortages or rationingCreation of unsustainablesystems, leading to water and other shortages for
future generations.Quality of life
Economy?
Food diversity and security?
Energy brownouts .
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Possible Breakthroughs
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Sustainable systems and the relationship betweenwater and energy and earth systems (greenhousegases)
Multiple (hence efficient) use of water for our needs Recycled water
Advanced treated water Graywater use
Recovery of water (hence energy) for other uses . Rainwater capture Re-landscape (contours to capture water) - Stormwater
diversions
Retail market that primarily supports water efficient plants
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Thank You
George J. Adrian , PESan Diego Public Utilities [email protected]
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San Diego isConserving
18180
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
FiscalYear
Population x
1000
Reduced Water Demand
W
ater De mand in Acre-
feet