SAP – A ERP Package
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About SAP
SystemsApplicationsProducts
in Data Processing
Founded in Waldorf,Germany in 1972.
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SAP R/3SAP R/3
R/3Client / Server
ABAP/4
FI
Financial
AccountingCO
ControllingAM
Fixed Assets
Mgmt.
PS
Project
SystemWF
WorkflowIS
Industry
Solutions
MM
Materials
Mgmt.
HR
Human
Resources
SD
Sales &
Distribution
PP
Production
Planning
QM
Quality
Mgmt.
PM
Plant
Maintenance
Integrated solutions
Open systems
Client / server architecture
Enterprise data model
Designed for all types of business
Multinational
Comprehensive functionality
India Version
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Basis is the FoundationBasis is the Foundation
R/3R/3Client/ServerClient/Server
SAP KernelSAP Kernel
Data RepositoryData Repository
CommunicationCommunicationss
ProcessingProcessing
ABAP/4ABAP/4
Client/serverClient/server
architecturearchitecture
OperatingOperating
SystemSystem
AdministrationAdministration
ApplicationApplication
DevelopmentDevelopment
EnterpriseEnterprise
NetworkNetwork
RelationalRelational
DatabaseDatabase
ManagementManagement
Release & ChangeRelease & Change
ManagementManagement
PerformancePerformance
and Tuningand Tuning
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SAP ICON
SAP Logon Icon on your Desktop
On Clicking the SAPLogon Icon, the SAP Logon Pad will
PopUp on your desktop.
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SAP Login Screen
Enter Client Number
User Name
Password
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The Login Screen
Since the User ID’s are common, this information is prompted. Always Use the highlighted option to continue
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SAP MAIN SCREEN
Tool Bar
Status Bar
Button Bar
Tool Bar
Menu Bar
Message Bar SAP System ID
Server
Insert/Overtype Indicator
Navigation Area
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The Menu Bar appears at the top of every SAP screen. Just as with any Windows program, the Menu Bar provides access to a variety of functions within the program. These functions vary depending on the current screen.
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The Title Bar shows the name of the current screen.Click Next to continue.
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The Standard Toolbar contains standard buttons that enable you to navigate through each transaction. The same buttons are present on every screen. However, not all buttons work on all screens. Active buttons are highlighted. Inactive buttons are grayed out. The Standard Toolbar also contains the SAP Command Field.
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The Command Field enables you to enter special codes to quickly perform certain functions within SAP. You will learn about how to use the Command Field in a later lesson.
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The Application Toolbar is located just below the Standard Toolbar. It contains buttons related to the specific screen and transaction with which you are working. These buttons vary depending on the current screen.
Some buttons have text labels, and others are identified with icons only. If you are not sure what a particular button does, you can point the mouse at it without clicking, and a button label will appear.
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The screen body is where SAP gives transaction information
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A system field is a field the system uses to display information. You cannot change the contents of a system field.
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An Edit Field is a field in which you can enter or modify data.
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The Status Bar, located at the bottom of the SAP window, displays system messages and other session information.Messages appear here. The status bar will flash and an icon will appear in front of the message to call your attention to it.
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The session status display is located on the right side of the status bar. The status display can be hidden or displayed by clicking the triangle to its left.
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ESU/CHD/BLR/07
Entry Fields Mandatory Field
Radio Buttons Choice of one option
Check Boxes Choice of a number of
options
Buttons Directly triggers a function
No
Work Area
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ICONS
The Enter button (check) signals SAP that you have finished entering information on a screen. Note that pressing the Enter key on the keyboard has the same effect.
The Save button (floppy disk) saves the document you are working with, along with any changes you have made.
The Back button (left arrow) takes you to the previous screen.
The Exit button (up arrow) exits the current menu or transaction without saving data
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ICONS
The Cancel button (letter X) cancels the transaction in which you are working. If you have entered information, the system will ask you to confirm that you want to cancel, so that you do not accidentally lose data
The Print button (printer) prints the current document, screen, or report, depending on the transaction in which you are working.
The Find button (binoculars) is used to search for text in the current document, report, or list.
The Find Again button (binoculars with a +) looks for the next occurrence of text in the current document, report, or list.
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ICONS
The First Page button takes you to the first screen in a display list or report.
The Page Up button takes you to the screen before the one that you are viewing in a display list or report.
The Page Down button takes you to the screen after the one that you are viewing in a display list or report.
The Last Page button takes you to the last screen in a display list or report.
The New Session button (window with a *) creates a new SAP window, so that you can work on more than one task at a time.
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ICONS
The Create Shortcut button (window with an arrow) creates a shortcut icon to the current transaction on your Windows desktop.
The Help button (question mark) displays descriptive information about the field in which your cursor is located.
The Options button controls settings for SAP, including the appearance and behavior of error messages and the cursor.
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MESSAGE ICONS
Fatal error (program terminates)
Error message
Warning message
Information message
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SAP TERMINOLOGY
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TRANSACTIONTRANSACTION
A transaction is a task that you perform in SAP.
Any time you view a report, or create or display a document,
you are running a transaction.
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TRANSACTION CODETRANSACTION CODE
Most transactions within SAP are associated with a four-character code called a transaction code. This transaction code can be used in the command field to jump directly to a transaction without having to follow the navigation path. You will learn how to do this in a later lesson.
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MASTER DATAMASTER DATA
Master data is important, long-term data stored within the SAP system.
Vendors, customers, plant IDs, the chart of accounts, and product numbers are all examples of information that is stored as master data records
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DOCUMENTDOCUMENT
A document is data created in association with a particular business event or transaction.
Sales orders, purchase orders, material requisitions, and general ledger postings are all examples of documents stored within SAP.
Every document created in SAP is assigned a document number that uniquely identifies it.
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CREATE TRANSACTIONCREATE TRANSACTION
A create transaction is one that creates a document or master data record from scratch. Most create transactions have transaction codes ending in "1". For example, the transaction code for "Create A Requisition" is ME51
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CHANGE TRANSACTIONCHANGE TRANSACTION
A change transaction is one that allows you to modify an existing document or master data record. Most change transactions have transaction codes ending in "2". For example, the transaction code for "Change A Requisition" is ME52.
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DISPLAY TRANSACTIONDISPLAY TRANSACTION
A display transaction is one that allows you to view an existing document or master data record without making changes. Most display transactions have transaction codes ending in "3". For example, the transaction code for "Display A Requisition" is ME53.
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POSTPOST
The act of saving a document in SAP is also called posting the document.
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REQUIRED FIELDSREQUIRED FIELDS
Some screens have edit fields for which SAP needs entries to properly process the transaction. These fields are called required fields. You cannot complete the screen or transaction until you have entered a valid value in each required field.
SAP marks required fields with a checked box, as shown.
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SESSIONSESSION
A session is an instance of the SAP window. Multiple sessions can be opened to allow use of more than one transaction at a time.
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LOGGING ON & OFFLOGGING ON & OFF
Identifying yourself, and confirming your identify to SAP so you can begin working, is called logging on. Shutting SAP down when you are finished working is logging off.
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USER IDUSER ID
Your User ID is the name you use to identify yourself to SAP when you log on.
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CLIENTCLIENT
A client is a self-contained unit within the R/3 System, containing separate master data and its own set of tables. The client is selected on the initial log on screen.
Typically a single client is used for day-to-day business use. Most SAP customers set up additional clients for development or training purposes.
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USER ROLEUSER ROLE
A user role is a collection of transactions that together are assigned to a user so that they can perform a certain job function within SAP. Several job roles together might be required to complete a job function
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ABAPABAP
The programming language of SAP is called ABAP, short for Advanced Business Application Programming. All R/3 applications are written in ABAP.
Many SAP clients develop custom transactions and reports using ABAP. It is an accepted standard that custom transactions are assigned a transaction code that begins with a Z(For TIL)
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Business Process Integration
“The Stool”
Components
– Organizational Data
– Master Data
– Rules
– Transactions
SAP Enterprise System
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Business Process Integration
FI
MM
SD
Org
Dat
a
Rules
FI
MM
SD
Master D
ata
FI
MM
SD
FI SDMM
SAP Enterprise System
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Organizational Data
A hierarchy in which the organizational units in an enterprise are arranged according to tasks and functions
Are static data and are rarely changed
The definition of organization units is a fundamental step, it is a critical factor in how the company will be structured
SAP Enterprise System
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Master Data
Master data is relatively fixed
Material master data
Vendor master data
Purchasing information record
General Ledger master data
Before making the master data configurations, you must have completely defined the organizational structures
SAP Enterprise System
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Rules
Defines the parameters for Master Data and Transactions
Determines functionality for Master Data and Transactions
Relatively fixed
Changes as policy changes
SAP Enterprise System
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SAP Enterprise SystemTransaction Data
Includes internal and external exchanges that describe business activities
Unlike master data, aggregate transactional data is dynamic – each transaction is unique
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Organizational Data
Financial Accounting
Client
Company (Optional)
Company Code
Chart of Accounts
Credit Control Area
Fiscal Year Variant
Material Management
Plant
Storage Location
Purchasing Organization
Purchasing Group
Buyer
Sales & Distribution
Sales Organization
Distribution Channel
Division
Sales Area
Shipping Point
Loading Group
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Master Data
Financial Accounting
General Ledger Accounts
Material Master
Vendor Master
Customer Master
Material Management
Vendor Master
Material Master
Customer / Purchasing Info Records
Sales & Distribution
Customer Master
Material Master
Pricing
Credit Limits
Customer Material Info Records
Item Proposal
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Rules
Financial Accounting
Account Groups
Field Status Variant
Fiscal / Posting Periods
Tolerance Groups
Document Types
Number Ranges
Automatic Account Assignment
Valuation Area Grouping
Parameter IDs
Material Management
Fiscal Periods
Account Groups
Material Types
Plant Parameters
Purc./Rec./Inv. Tolerances
Automatic Account Assignment
Reservations
Material Group
Loading Group
Sales & Distribution
Account Groups
Pricing Procedure Determination
Shipping Point Determination
Revenue Account Determination
Define Availability Check
Define Credit Check
Document Types
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Transactions
Financial Accounting
G/L Entry
Post Incoming Invoice
Post Outgoing Payment
Post Incoming Payment
Display Balances
Material Management
Purchase Requisition
Purchase Order
Good Receipt
Invoice Receipt
Material Requirements Planning
Good Transfer
Stock Overview
Sales & Distribution
Sales Quotation
Sales Order
Delivery Note
- Pick
- Pack
- Post Goods Issue
Billing
Return Order
Issue Credit
SAP – Business Side
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Enterprise Structure (Global Bike Inc.)
Plant
Client
Chart of
Accounts
Company
Code
Fiscal Year
Variant
Credit Control
Area
Purchasing
Organization
Purchasing
Group
Shipping
Point
Sales
Organization
Distribution
ChannelDivision
Sales Area
Controlling Area
SL10 SL20
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Organizational Relationships
Plant/Storage Location
Materials Management (MM)
Storage Location
20 - Quality
Storage Location
10 - Inventory
Plant P001
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Purchasing Organization
Organizational unit responsible for the procurement of materials and services.
SAP requires that purchasing organizations be assigned at the plant level
A purchasing organization can be assigned to more than one plant
A purchasing organization can be assigned to a company code
Responsible for Procurement for One or More Plants
Responsible for Negotiating Pricing and Delivery Terms with Vendors
Purchasing Organization is Assigned to A Company where Inventory is Legally Tracked or Costs are Legally Incurred
Materials Management (MM) Integration
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Organizational Relationships Plant/Purchasing Organization (1)
One plant – multiple purchasing organizations
Materials Management (MM)
Purchasing
Organization – P002
Purchasing
Organization – P001
Plant P001
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Organizational Relationships(continued) Plant/Purchasing Organization (2)
Each plant has its own purchasing organization
Materials Management (MM)
Purchasing
Organization – P002
Plant P002
Purchasing
Organization – P001
Plant P001
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Organizational Relationships(continued)
Plant/Purchasing Organization (4)
One purchasing organization for multiple company codes
Materials Management (MM)
Company Code
C002
Company Code
C001
Purchasing
Organization – P001
Plant – P002Plant – P001
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Purchasing Group
Responsible for specified purchasing activities
Often used to identify individual buyers
Used for reporting
Materials Management (MM)
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Materials Management (MM)
Purchasing
Organization – P001
Company Code
C001
Storage Location
20 - Quality
Storage Location
10 - Inventory
Plant P001
Purchasing
Group
001
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Different Modules in SAP
Financial accounting
Controlling/Management accounting
Materials Management (Procurement)
FI
MM
CO
SD Sales and Distributions
PP Production Planning
QM Quality Management
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QUESTIONS -?