![Page 1: SARS CoV-2 infections of mink in the Netherlands€¦ · 15/05/2020 · •60 animals without symptoms, intervals 3 weeks: serology, faeces •Characterisation of virus isolates](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa03dde859ae8465735152b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SARS CoV-2 infectionsof mink in the Netherlands
Christianne Bruschke
15.05.2020
![Page 2: SARS CoV-2 infections of mink in the Netherlands€¦ · 15/05/2020 · •60 animals without symptoms, intervals 3 weeks: serology, faeces •Characterisation of virus isolates](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa03dde859ae8465735152b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Anamneses
• Respiratory and gastrointestinal problems in mink reported to AHS
• E-coli and pseudomonas excluded
• Tested for CoV2 because owners had COVID-like symptoms
• Cov2 positive at AHS and confirmed in Lelystad
• Farm 1 Milheeze:
• Location 1 and 2: 13000 mink
• Farm 2 Beek en Donk
• 7500 mink
2
![Page 3: SARS CoV-2 infections of mink in the Netherlands€¦ · 15/05/2020 · •60 animals without symptoms, intervals 3 weeks: serology, faeces •Characterisation of virus isolates](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa03dde859ae8465735152b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Research protocol farms 1 and 2
Mink
• Disease history
• 20 dead or sick animals: pathology and virology
• 60 animals without symptoms, intervals 3 weeks: serology, faeces
• Characterisation of virus isolates
Environment
• Dust and air samples, weekly 3 times:
• In stable
• In surroundings / environment 0, 10 and 80 meter.
• 6 and 30 hr sampling
Humans
• Personnel: disease history and characterisation of available isolates
3
![Page 4: SARS CoV-2 infections of mink in the Netherlands€¦ · 15/05/2020 · •60 animals without symptoms, intervals 3 weeks: serology, faeces •Characterisation of virus isolates](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa03dde859ae8465735152b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
![Page 5: SARS CoV-2 infections of mink in the Netherlands€¦ · 15/05/2020 · •60 animals without symptoms, intervals 3 weeks: serology, faeces •Characterisation of virus isolates](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa03dde859ae8465735152b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Research protocol farms 1 and 2
Molecular epidemiology
• Characterisation of isolates
• Comparison of mink and human CoV2 isolate
Cats
• Cats on the farm: serology and virology
5
![Page 6: SARS CoV-2 infections of mink in the Netherlands€¦ · 15/05/2020 · •60 animals without symptoms, intervals 3 weeks: serology, faeces •Characterisation of virus isolates](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa03dde859ae8465735152b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Measures
• Obligation for mink holders, veterinarians and research institutes to report signs resembling COVID-19 in mink
• No transport of animals or manure from the farm
• Precaution: no cycling or walking in zone of 400 meters
6
![Page 7: SARS CoV-2 infections of mink in the Netherlands€¦ · 15/05/2020 · •60 animals without symptoms, intervals 3 weeks: serology, faeces •Characterisation of virus isolates](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa03dde859ae8465735152b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
![Page 8: SARS CoV-2 infections of mink in the Netherlands€¦ · 15/05/2020 · •60 animals without symptoms, intervals 3 weeks: serology, faeces •Characterisation of virus isolates](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa03dde859ae8465735152b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Results
Mink
• Pathology: severe pneumonia
• Nearly all samples dead and sick mink PCR positive, high virus load
• Faeces samples: 11/53 and 9/30 positive
• Serology: nearly all positive tested in VNT (one dilution, no titer).
Environment
• Air samples in barn 2/6, 1/6, 3/6 positive, low virus load
• None of the samples outside the barn positive
• Second sampling: all samples negative, inside and outside
Cats
• 3/11 seropositive but PCR negative
8
![Page 9: SARS CoV-2 infections of mink in the Netherlands€¦ · 15/05/2020 · •60 animals without symptoms, intervals 3 weeks: serology, faeces •Characterisation of virus isolates](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa03dde859ae8465735152b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Results
Molecular epidemiology
• Infections probably already more than 4 weeks on the farms
• Probably efficient mink to mink transmission
• No relation between both farms
• No relations to known CoV2 human isolates (so no spread out of the farm)
9
![Page 10: SARS CoV-2 infections of mink in the Netherlands€¦ · 15/05/2020 · •60 animals without symptoms, intervals 3 weeks: serology, faeces •Characterisation of virus isolates](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa03dde859ae8465735152b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
New development
• Location 3 of farm 1, 10.000 mink, also infected
• No clinical signs reported
• Farm 3 Deurne: 1500 mink, same anamneses
• Same measures implemented
10
![Page 11: SARS CoV-2 infections of mink in the Netherlands€¦ · 15/05/2020 · •60 animals without symptoms, intervals 3 weeks: serology, faeces •Characterisation of virus isolates](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa03dde859ae8465735152b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
![Page 12: SARS CoV-2 infections of mink in the Netherlands€¦ · 15/05/2020 · •60 animals without symptoms, intervals 3 weeks: serology, faeces •Characterisation of virus isolates](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050516/5fa03dde859ae8465735152b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Some remarks
• Farm 1/ location 3 did not show symptoms but clearly positive in PCR
• The virus circulates for a longer time already on the farms
• Mostly animals at end of gestation were found dead or sick
• These animals may be more susceptible
• 400 meter zone lifted after the second air sampling
12