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PRESENTED BY;SWATHI VENUGOPAL
Date;1st April 2012
“A global event created to symbolize that each one of us, working together, can make a difference on climate change.”
Earth hour
1 day ago!!!!!!
In 2012
More than 400 cities
50 million people globally
Major icons went dark
including the Sydney Opera
House, Rome’s Coliseum, and
Antarctica’s Scott Station
Why this earth hour?
What can we do as apower engineer?
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World Energy Consumption
Energy source
Non renewable energy source
Renewable energy source
Exists in finite supply Replenishes very rapidly
Is used faster than it can replenish
Inexhaustible supply
Eg; Oil, coal, nuclear fuel Eg; solar, wind ,hydropower
Non-Renewable energy sources
• coal
• petroleum
• natural gas
1.Fossil Fuels
2.Nuclear Energy
Coal
FORMATION
Petroleum & Natural Gas
FORMATION
As a source
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
•LARGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY IN LOW COST
•CO2, LEADS TO GREEN HOSE EFFECT
•EASY TRANSPORTATION
•SULPHUR DIOXIDE RESULTS IN ACID RAIN
•VERY EFFIENT •MINING COAL IS DANGEROUS & DIFFICULT
•IT CAN BE BUILD ALMOST ANY WHERE
•STRIP MINING DISTROY LARGE AREA OF LAND
Advantages & DISADVANTAGES
Nuclear Power
(235U) & (239Pu).
ADVANTAGES DIS ADVANTAGES
NOT SO EXPENSIVE CATASTROPHIC RISKS
NO SMOKE OR CO2 IT TAKES MANY YEARS FOR THE RADIO ACTIVITY TO DIE
HIGH EFFICENCY A LOT OF MONEY HAS TO BE SPENT FOR SAFTEY
SMALL AMOUNT OF WASTE --------------------------------------
Advantages & DISADVANTAGES
Impact over atmosphere
Is the climate becoming warmer and warmer?
Impact over atmosphere
IS THERE ANY RELATION BETWEEN TEMPRATURE RISE &CO2 IN ATMOSPHERE?
Impact over atmosphere
CAUSES FOR INCREASED TEMPRATURE OR GLOBAL WARMING
• Natural variation
• Solar activity
• Greenhouse effect
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
“Combustion of fossil fuel naturallyinjects CO2,SO2,NO2 into theatmosphere”
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Change in precipitation.
Change in vegetation
Changes in the animal and human world in response to these environmental changes.
Melting ice and rising sea level
EFFECT OF GLOBALWARMING
Already happening
If this continues
• Hurricanes will become stronger.
• Species out of sync.
• Floods and droughts will results in fresh water scarcity.
• Diseases will spread
• Ecosystems will change.
Heart attacks ,strokes, cardiac arrhythmia ,respiratory irritation, worsen asthma, premature death
ACID RAIN
SO2+NOX+H2O+O2 ACID RAIN
NITROGEN OXIDE + VOC SMOG
SMOG
SUNLIGHT
Asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis ,eye irritation and reduced resistance to colds ,lung infections.
Global Energy Impact: CO2 emissions
Source: DTI (2002). Energy: its impact on the environment and society.
CO2 Emissions by Sector,1990-2030
CO2 emissions in power generation and transport are expected to
increase the most
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
18 000
1990 2002 2010 2020 2030
millio
n to
nn
es o
f C
O2
Power Generation Other Transformation Industry Transport Other Sectors
HOW CAN WE PRODUCE ENERGY BY PROTECTING THE ENVIORNMENT?
1 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
2 SAVING ENERGY
Renewable energy sources
1. WIND2. TIDAL3.GEOTHERMAL4. SOLAR5. WATER
1 WIND
worth building wind farms in places that have strong, steady winds
Ranks 5th in the world
• Wind energy in India
Electricity situation in IndiaCurrent Installed Capacity - Around 130000 MWTarget Planned Capacity – 240000 MW by 2020India has been experiencing a large gap between demand and supply of electricity.Peak level shortages exceed 35%.The National Electricity Policy, 2005 expresses the need to use non-conventional energy sources
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
WIND IS FREE NOT ALWAYS PREDECTABLE
NO WASTE & NO GREEN
HOUSE GASES
LAND IS EXPENSIVE
TOURIST ATTRACTION NOISY
LAND BENEATH CAN BE
USED FOR FARMING
PURPOSE
KILL BIRDS
SUPPLYING ENERGY TO
REMOTE AREAS
AFFECT TV RECEPTION
Advantages & DISADVANTAGES
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2 SUN LIGHT
SOLAR PANEL PHOTO VOLTAIC CELL
Passive solar ; direct and indirect thermal energies
Active solar; sun’s Electro magnetic radiation
• solar energy in India
Government encouraging Solar
energy investments..
• To help in running of solar projects, there is a subsidy of Rs12/Kwh• Capital subsidy available in case of semiconductor based units• Provisions for Accelerated depreciation available for solar manufacturers• NIL excise duty for manufacturers• Low import tariff for several raw materials and components• Soft loans to users, intermediaries and manufacturers
Grid tie system
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
SOLAR ENERGY IS FREE DOESN’T WORK AT
NIGHT
HANDY FOR LOW POWER
USE
EXPENSIVE
------------------------------------ NOT RELIABLE
Advantages & DISADVANTAGES
3 TIDES
Combination of the moon and sun’s gravitational forces
TIDAL ENERGY IN INDIA
Potential sites;Gulf of Kutch ,Gulf of Cambay in Gujarat, ,the Delta of the Ganga in the Sunder bans region in West Bengal
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
FREE POWER AVAILABILITY
ONLY FOR 10 HOUR A
DAY
NO GREEN HOUSE
GASES
BARRIER IS EXPENSIVE
RELIABLE NEEDS WIDE AREA
NOT PREDICTABLE
Advantages & DISADVANTAGES
4 WATER
kinetic energy contained in falling water into electricity
HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY IN INDIA
Rank in world;5
Total hydro power potential;84044MW
More than 78%-Himalayan region
Classification; high head & low head
CLASSIFICATION DEPENDING ON THE HEAD
ULTRA LOW HEAD BELOW 3 METRES
MEDIUM HEAD FROM 30–75 METRES
HIGH HEAD ABOVE 75 METRES
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
VIRTUALLY FREE EXPENSIVE
NO WASTE BUILDING A VERY LARGE
DAM FLOOD A LARGE
AREA
RELIABLE FINDING SUTABLE SITE
IS DIFFICULT
INCREASE TO FULL
POWER QUICKLY
WATER QUALITY AND
QUANTITY
DOWNSTREAM CAN BE
AFFECTED, WHICH CAN
HAVE AN IMPACT ON
PLANT LIFE
CONSTANT GENERATION
OF ELECTRICITY
Advantages & DISADVANTAGES
5 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Geo thermal spotDry steam field ,Wet steam field, Hot water,
Geo pressure field, Magma deposits, Hot dry rocks, Volcanoes
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN INDIA
Geological Survey of India, identified350 geothermal energy locations in India
Important location;Pugavalley of Ladakh.
The estimated potential for 10000 MW.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
NO POLLUTION LACK OF GEO THERMAL
SPOT
FREE FUEL SOME TIMES A
GEOTHERMAL SITE MAY
"RUN OUT OF STEAM",
PERHAPS FOR DECADES
HAZARDOUS GASES AND
MINERALS MAY COME UP
Advantages & DISADVANTAGES
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World Total Primary Energy Supply
**Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.
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World Energy Consumption
Oil
Natural gas
Coal
Nuclear power
Hydro power
Other renewables
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Mto
e
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Mto
e
1.How to increase the energy efficiency of a generator?
1. Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC)2. Combustion optimization using modern control
systems
SAVING ENERGY
1. HVDC2. FACTS Devices3. Gas-Insulated Substations4. Superconductors5. Wide Area Monitoring Systems
2.How to increase the energyefficiency in the Power Grid?
1. Standards and labeling
2. Energy conservation building codes
3. Designated consumers
4. National Energy Conservation Awards
5. Small Group Activities on Energy Conservation
What government can do?
How to save energy in our home?
1. Turn off the lights when you don’t need them!
2. Encourage energy saving light bulbs
3. Use Passive solar water heater
4. leave pc & T v Switch off! Don’t on standby
5. Buy Energy Star appliances
6. Don’t Be a Drip
7. Turn Off and Unplug
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
67%
7%
17%
5%4%
Developing countries
58%
World
End-use efficiency gains
7%
Fuel switching in end uses
20%
Increased renewables in power generation
10%
Increased nuclear in power generation
5%
Changes in the fossil-fuel mix in power generation
Contributory Factors in CO2
Reduction 2002-2030
Advantages of Energy Conservation
(Moralizing)
• Less need to secure oil overseas with attendant military and civilian casualties while costing hundreds of billions of dollars
• Fewer power plants and liquid natural gas ports are needed
• Less air pollution• Less drilling for oil • Less global warming and attendant
environmental destruction
conclusion
• On current policies, world energy needs – and CO2 emissions – will be 60% higher in 2030 than now
• Policies under consideration & faster deployment of technology could substantially save energy
• Urgent & decisive government action is needed
Do support renewable energy plants coming across the world, it is not going to harm you as much as fossil fuel
Depending on renewable energy source together with saving electrical energy is an efficient method to meet our demand without producing pollution”
reference
1.Renewable Energy Sources;D. Elango
Assistant Professor in Civil eng. Hindustan College of Engg. Chennai
2. Energy Efficiency in the Power Grid-www.abb.us
3. Indian Wind Energy Outloo k 2011
4Coal-Fired Power Plants Kristin Scheel,Alejandra Kuhn ,Brianna
Beconovich,Ryan Nester
5 polly well nuclear coal pollution
6 Environmental Sustainability Educational Resources Gregory A.
Keoleian Associate Research Scientist,School of Natural Resources
and Environment
7 ENERGY CONSERVATION IN INDIA Shri P M Sayeed, Hon’ble Minister of Power’s article on the occasion of
Energy Conservation Day, on 14th December 2005.
8 Implementation of Energy Conservation Act and BEE Action Plan
9Tidal energy the mighty tidal bose
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