COMPARISSON OF TWO COMPARISSON OF TWO COMPARISSON OF TWO RHEOMETERS USED FOR RHEOMETERS USED FOR RHEOMETERS USED FOR
MEASURING RHEOLOGICAL MEASURING RHEOLOGICAL MEASURING RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PROPERTIES OF PROPERTIES OF SCCsSCCsSCCs
Andraž Hočevar, Franci Kavčič, Igmat d.d.Violeta Bokan-Bosiljkov, UL FGG
University of LjubljanaFaculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
"Rheology of Building Materials", Regensburg, March, 06-07, 2013 2 | 25
OUTLINEOUTLINEOUTLINE
� Introduction
� Rheometers
� Test program
� Results
� Conclusions
� Acknowledgment
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
� Aim of the study was to compare rheometers
� “Mix by mix” comparison
� Evaluation of number of repetitions
� Comparison of time dependent behavior
� Comparison with workability method
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RHEOMETERSRHEOMETERSRHEOMETERS
� ConTec Viscometer 5
� Outer cylinder radius, Ro = 145 mm
� Inner cylinder radius, Ri = 100 mm
� Height of the cylinder, h = 100 mm
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RHEOMETERSRHEOMETERSRHEOMETERS
� ConTec Viscometer 5
� Outer cylinder radius, Ro = 145 mm
� Inner cylinder radius, Ri = 100 mm
� Height of the cylinder, h = 100 mm
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RHEOMETERSRHEOMETERSRHEOMETERS
� ICAR Rheometer
� Outer cylinder radius, Ro = 143 mm
� Inner cylinder radius, Ri = 63.5 mm
� Height of the cylinder, h = 127 mm
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RHEOMETERSRHEOMETERSRHEOMETERS
� ICAR Rheometer
� Outer cylinder radius, Ro = 143 mm
� Inner cylinder radius, Ri = 63.5 mm
� Height of the cylinder, h = 127 mm
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TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM
� 12 different SCC mixtures (40 liters)� Rheology and slump flow at times 0 min, 20 min, 40
min and 60 min after end of mixing� Mixing procedure (5 min):
� Dry constituents - 1 min� Half of the water, 0.3 l of water with diluted liquid
admixtures, rest of the water - 1 min (while mixing)� Mixing for another - 3 min
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TEST PROGRAM TEST PROGRAM TEST PROGRAM --- mixturesmixturesmixtures
* Percentage of binder (cement+limestone filler)
0.350.300.250.200.10--VA (%) *
0.700.700.700.700.700.700.70SP1 (%) *
-66.5116.5166.5216.5216.5216.5LIMESTONE FILLER (kg)
924886858830802839875FINE AGG. (kg)
726696674652630659688COARSE AGG. (kg)
232232232232232208184WATER (kg)
0.580.580.580.580.580.520.46V/C
400400400400400400400CEM I 42,5 R (kg)
SCCM3SCCM3SCCM2SCCM1SCCR3SCCR2SCCR1
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TEST PROGRAM TEST PROGRAM TEST PROGRAM --- mixturesmixturesmixtures
* Percentage of binder (cement+limestone filler)** Volume for the composition of the concrete is different than 1 m3
1.151.151.151.151.15SP2 (%) *
216.5216.5216.5216.5216.5LIMESTONE FILLER (kg)
835835835835835FINE AGG. (kg)
656656656656656COARSE AGG. (kg)
218198203213208WATER (kg)
********0.52V/C
400400400400400CEM I 42,5 R (kg)
SCC4DSCC4CSCCR4BSCCR4ASCCR4
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TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM
� Measuring procedure:� Containers filled at the mixer� Moved to rheometers positions� Remixed with flat rod before each measurement� 3 repetitions at every time interval� Return to mixer till next time interval, remix
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TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM
� Calculation of fundamental results� Shear thickening behavior observed� Bingham model on bottom 4 points
−
=
i
o
oi
R
Rh
RRT
ln4
1122
0
πτ
SRRh oi
111
8
1222
−=
πµ
T = intersectionS = slope
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RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS ––– mix by mixmix by mixmix by mix
� Mixture SCCR1 had a slump flow of 370 mm
� Not really a SCC
� Excluded from analysis
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RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS ––– mix by mixmix by mixmix by mix
Yield stress
0
30
60
90
120
150
SC
CR
2
SC
CR
3
SC
CM
1
SC
CM
2
SC
CM
3
SC
CM
4
SC
CR
4
SC
CR
4A
SC
CR
4B
SC
CR
4C
SC
CR
4D
Yie
ld s
tress
(Pa
)
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
Slu
mp
flo
w (
mm
)
ConTec Viscometer 5 - 1 ConTec Viscometer 5 - 2ConTec Viscometer 5 - 3 ConTec Viscometer 5 - avg
ICAR Rheometer - 1 ICAR Rheometer - 2ICAR Rheometer - 3 ICAR Rheometer - avg
Slump flow
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RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS ––– mixmixmix bybyby mixmixmix
Plastic viscosity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
SC
CR
2
SC
CR
3
SC
CM
1
SC
CM
2
SC
CM
3
SC
CM
4
SC
CR
4
SC
CR
4A
SC
CR
4B
SC
CR
4C
SC
CR
4D
Pla
stic
vis
cosi
ty (
Pa
s)
ConTec Viscometer 5-1 ConTec Viscometer 5-2
ConTec Viscometer 5-3 ConTec Viscometer 5-avg
ICAR Rheometer-1 ICAR Rheometer-2
ICAR Rheometer-3 ICAR Rheometer-avg
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RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS ––– numbernumbernumber ofofof repetitionsrepetitionsrepetitions
µτ0
0.6780.684At least 2, removebad measurements
0.7260.4363
0.7030.2832
0.6140.0481
R2Number ofrepetitions
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RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS ––– numbernumbernumber ofofof repetitionsrepetitionsrepetitions
Yield values
y = 1,1682x - 9,1328
R2 = 0,6843
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
ConTec yield value (Pa)
ICA
R y
ield
val
ue (
Pa)
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RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS ––– numbernumbernumber ofofof repetitionsrepetitionsrepetitions
Plastic viscosities
y = 1,0967x + 4,741
R2 = 0,6777
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
ConTec plastic viscosity (Pas)
ICA
R p
last
ic v
isco
sity
(P
as)
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RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS ––– timetimetime (SCCR2)(SCCR2)(SCCR2)
Yield value
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time [min]
Yie
ld v
alu
e -
[Pa
]
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700 Slu
mp
Flo
w
[mm
]
ConTec
ICAR
Slump flow
Yield value - normalized
0
1
2
3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time [min]
Yie
ld v
alu
e -
no
rma
lize
d
0,0
0,3
0,6
0,9
1,2
1,5 Slu
mp
flo
w -
no
rma
lize
d
ConTec
ICAR
Slump flow
Plastic viscosity
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time [min]
Pla
stic
vis
cosi
ty -
[Pa
*s]
ConTec
ICAR
Plastic viscosity - normalized
0
1
2
3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time [min]
Pla
stic
vis
cosi
ty -
no
rma
lize
d ConTec
ICAR
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RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS ––– timetimetime (SCCR4B)(SCCR4B)(SCCR4B)
Yield value
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time [min]
Yie
ld v
alu
e -
[Pa
]
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700 Slu
mp
flo
w
(mm
)
ConTec
ICAR
Slump flow
Yield value - normalized
0
1
2
3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time [min]
Yie
ld v
alu
e -
no
rma
lize
d
0,0
0,3
0,6
0,9
1,2
1,5
ConTec
ICAR
Slump flow
Plastic viscosity
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time [min]
Pla
stic
vis
cosi
ty -
[Pa
*s]
ConTec
ICAR
Plastic viscosity - normalized
0
1
2
3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time [min]
Pla
stic
vis
cosi
ty -
no
rma
lize
d ConTec
ICAR
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RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS ––– timetimetime (SCCM3)(SCCM3)(SCCM3)
Yield value
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time [min]
Yie
ld v
alu
e -
[Pa
]
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800 Slu
mp
flo
w
(mm
)
ConTec
ICAR
Slump flow
Yield value - normalized
0
1
2
3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time [min]
Yie
ld v
alu
e -
no
rma
lize
d
0,0
0,3
0,6
0,9
1,2
1,5
ConTec
ICAR
Slump flow
Plastic viscosity
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time [min]
Pla
stic
vis
cosi
ty -
[Pa
]
ConTec
ICAR
Plastic viscosity - normalized
0
1
2
3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time [min]
Pla
stic
vis
cosi
ty -
no
rma
lize
d ConTec
ICAR
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RHEOLOGY RHEOLOGY RHEOLOGY --- WORKABILITYWORKABILITYWORKABILITY
Yield value - slump flow
y = -2,8238x + 792,9
R2 = 0,5904
y = -2,0042x + 755,77
R2 = 0,5931
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Yeld value (Pa)
Slu
mp
flow
(m
m)
ConTecICAR
Plastic viscositiy - slump flow
y = -5,3348x + 825,09R2 = 0,4026
y = -4,9557x + 851,25R2 = 0,6166
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Plastic viscosity (Pas)S
lum
p flo
w (m
m)
ConTec
ICAR
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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
� In “mix by mix” analysis we observe similar trends for both rheometers with a few points visually standing out
� We recommend measuring at least 3 times so we can eliminate possible bad results
� We observe similar time behavior of SCC with both rheometers
� We must be careful at measurements at time 0 min, normalizing is very sensitive to this point
� Correlation between rheology and workability is similar for both rheometers
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTACKNOWLEDGMENTACKNOWLEDGMENT
� Operation was partly financed by the European Union, European Social Fund.
� At this point authors would also like to thank students Jože and Danijel who helped with experimental work during their diploma work.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR THANK YOU FOR YOUR THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!ATTENTION!ATTENTION!
[email protected]@[email protected]
University of LjubljanaFaculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering