SCIC in the WSIS Stocktaking Report
(July 2005): http://www.itu.int/wsishttp://www.itu.int/wsis The SCIC, founded in 1998 by ICFA, is listed in Section 7.8, The SCIC, founded in 1998 by ICFA, is listed in Section 7.8,
on E-science: on E-science: “ “ The International Committee on Future Accelerators: Standing The International Committee on Future Accelerators: Standing
Committee on Inter-regional Connectivity monitors the world’sCommittee on Inter-regional Connectivity monitors the world’sresearch and education networks, tracking requirements and research and education networks, tracking requirements and deals especially with digital divide issues. Its main goal is to deals especially with digital divide issues. Its main goal is to foster global scientific collaboration, so enabling scientists foster global scientific collaboration, so enabling scientists around the world to participate in frontier scientific around the world to participate in frontier scientific discoveriesdiscoveries.”.”
[No other initiative cited is quoted as working towards [No other initiative cited is quoted as working towards equalityequality in scientific research. Such equality is in scientific research. Such equality is a foundation of HEP’s collaborations.]a foundation of HEP’s collaborations.]
We focus on cost-effective technology solutions that bring We focus on cost-effective technology solutions that bring communities to a point where they can collaborate effectively;communities to a point where they can collaborate effectively; and create a “sustainable process of innovation” and create a “sustainable process of innovation”
For Africa this requires a modern optical fiber infrastructureFor Africa this requires a modern optical fiber infrastructure
The Global Lambda Integrated Facility for Research and Education (GLIF)
Architecting an international LambdaGrid infrastructure Architecting an international LambdaGrid infrastructure Grid applications “ride” on dynamically configured networks Grid applications “ride” on dynamically configured networks
based on optical wavelengths. based on optical wavelengths.
10 Gbps Links Across the Atlantic and Pacific are a New Reality
Interconnecting Nat’l Lambda Rail (US)
CANARIE (CA)JGN2 (Japan)
GEANT2 in EuropeCLARA in Latin Am. …
GLORIAD LinkInaugurated 9/4/05
SCIC Monitoring WG - Throughput Improvements 1995-2005
Bandwidth of TCP < MSS/(RTT*Sqrt(Loss)) (1)
(1) 1) Matthis et al., Computer Communication Review 27(3), July 1997Matthis et al., Computer Communication Review 27(3), July 1997
60% annual improvement
Factor ~100/10 yr
Progress: but Digital Divide is Mostly Maintained
Some Regions ~5-10 Years
Behind
SE Europe and Parts of Asia
May be Catching Up
(Slowly);
India, Africa in Danger of
Falling Ever-Farther Behind
TCP throughput measured from N. America to World Regions
1
10
100
1000
10000
Jan-
95
Jan-
96
Dec
-96
Dec
-97
Dec
-98
Dec
-99
Dec
-00
Dec
-01
Dec
-02
Dec
-03
Dec
-04
Der
ived
TC
P th
roug
hput
in K
Byt
es/s
ec
1
10
100
1000
10000
China (13)
S.E. Europe (21)
Europe(150) Canada (27)
Russia(17)
Edu (141)
Latin America (37)
India(7) Africa (30)
Mid East (16)C. Asia (8)From the PingER project, Jan 2005
Caucasus (8)
SCIC Main Conclusion for 2004Setting the Tone for 2005
The disparity among regions could increase even more The disparity among regions could increase even more sharply, as we deploy and learn to use advanced sharply, as we deploy and learn to use advanced networks effectively, and develop dynamic Grid systems networks effectively, and develop dynamic Grid systems in the “most favored” regions in the “most favored” regions
We must therefore take action, We must therefore take action, to Close the Digital Divideto Close the Digital Divide To make physicists from all world regions full To make physicists from all world regions full
partners in their Experiments; and in the process partners in their Experiments; and in the process of scientific discovery of scientific discovery
This is essential for the health of our global This is essential for the health of our global experimental collaborations, our plans for future experimental collaborations, our plans for future projects, and our field.projects, and our field.
New Focus on AFRICA
Many Systemic Issues:
Lack of energy,infrastructure. Lack of expertise Problems of Disease Political unrest
PricingImport duties
& policies Corruption
M. Jensen
800M People, 1.4% with 800M People, 1.4% with Internet Access: More Internet Access: More
than an order of than an order of magnitude lower than in magnitude lower than in
Europe (35%) & North Europe (35%) & North America (70%)America (70%)
Africa Coverage
We now cover most (31) countries with many tertiary education centers (83% of the population)
Recently added monitoring site in So. Africa (TENET)
Satellites vs Terrestrial• Terrestrial links via SAT3 &
SEAMEWE (Mediterranean & Red Sea)
• Terrestrial not available to all within countries
Note: Satellite Links are a Boon to the Region, but typical unit bandwidth costs are 300-1000X more than Fiber.
There is a Continued Need for Fiber Infrastructure
SCIC in 2004-2005 http://cern.ch/icfa-scic
Three 2005 ReportsThree 2005 ReportsFocus on the Digital Divide Focus on the Digital Divide
Main Report: “Networking for HENP”Main Report: “Networking for HENP” [H. Newman et al.] [H. Newman et al.] Includes Updates on the Digital Divide, WorldIncludes Updates on the Digital Divide, World
Network Status; Brief updates on Monitoring Network Status; Brief updates on Monitoring and Advanced Technologies and Advanced Technologies
18 Appendices: A World Network Overview 18 Appendices: A World Network Overview Status and Plans for the Next Few Years of Nat’l & Status and Plans for the Next Few Years of Nat’l & Regional Networks, and Optical Network InitiativesRegional Networks, and Optical Network Initiatives
Monitoring Working Group ReportMonitoring Working Group Report [L. Cottrell] [L. Cottrell] Also See: Also See: SCIC 2003 Digital Divide ReportSCIC 2003 Digital Divide Report [A. Santoro et [A. Santoro et
al.]al.] TERENA (TERENA (www.terena.nlwww.terena.nl) 2004 Compendium) 2004 Compendium
on R&E Networks in Europeon R&E Networks in Europe
ICFA Report (2005) Update: ICFA Report (2005) Update: Main Trends Continue, Some AccelerateMain Trends Continue, Some Accelerate
Current generation of 2.5-10 Gbps network backbones and major Int’l Current generation of 2.5-10 Gbps network backbones and major Int’l links arrived in 2001-5 in US, Europe, Japan; Now links arrived in 2001-5 in US, Europe, Japan; Now Korea and China Korea and China
Growth: 4 to Hundreds of Times; Much Faster than Moore’s LawGrowth: 4 to Hundreds of Times; Much Faster than Moore’s Law Proliferation of 10G links across the Atlantic & Pacific; Begin use of Proliferation of 10G links across the Atlantic & Pacific; Begin use of
Multiple 10G Links (e.g. US-CERN) Along Major Paths by Fall 2005Multiple 10G Links (e.g. US-CERN) Along Major Paths by Fall 2005 Tech. Progress Driving Equipment Costs Lower Tech. Progress Driving Equipment Costs Lower
Commoditization of Gigabit and now 10-Gigabit EthernetCommoditization of Gigabit and now 10-Gigabit Ethernet More than Just Bandwidth is Needed:More than Just Bandwidth is Needed:
Grids Grids demand seamless networks, with reliable high performance demand seamless networks, with reliable high performance end-to-end, managed to enforce fair-sharing among “priority” tasks end-to-end, managed to enforce fair-sharing among “priority” tasks
Emergence of the “Hybrid” Network Model:Emergence of the “Hybrid” Network Model: UltraLight, GLIF UltraLight, GLIF Some regions (US, Canada, Europe; Brazil) moving to dark fiber Some regions (US, Canada, Europe; Brazil) moving to dark fiber