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Science for Planet Earth
[email protected]/~braile
April 2010
A Decade of Earthquake Monitoring with an Educational Seismograph
Larry BrailePurdue University
SSA Meeting 2010
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The AS-1 Seismometer
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The AS-1 Seismometer
• Inexpensive (~$600); easy to set up and use• Demonstrate how a seismograph works• “Make your own earthquake”• Monitor earthquakes – local (~M3+), regional
(~M5+), worldwide (~M6.5+)• Connects to IRIS data archiving and analysis
software (written by Alan Jones) on Windows computer; maintain EQ catalog
• Display, filter and analyze seismograms• Calculate epicenter-to-station distance from S-P
times; calculate magnitude
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Oil Damping Mechanism
Mass (plus magnet)
Magnet and Coil
Boom
SpringHinge
Magnetic Damping
MechanismMagnetic Damping
Mechanism
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The WLIN AS-1 seismometer was installed in basement of home in West Lafayette, Indiana on January 1, 2000 and immediately recorded an earthquake (~M5) from Quebec.
Objectives:
Support the IRIS Seismographs in Schools (SIS) program and use of the seismograph by educators.
Monitor earthquakes and provide sample and comparison data.
Experience with AS-1 and software; test and evaluate seismograph, software and recordings and suggest improvements.
The AmaSeis software to operate the AS-1 was written by Alan Jones. AmaSeis provides display, filtering, analysis and archival.
Calibrated the AS-1 (for calculating magnitudes) with assistance of Bob Hutt (USGS), Tim Long (GT), Alan Jones (Binghamton), John Lahr (USGS).
Ten Years of Recording with the AS-1 Seismometer
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Experience with the AS-1 seismograph - Noise Levels
Low NoiseJune 6, 2008
Sept. 6, 2008 - Microseisms
Tropical Storm Hanna off coast of N and S Carolina
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AS-1 Seismograph - Approximate Maximum Distance of Recording versus Magnitude
25
55
110
140
180
105
75
020406080
100120140160180
3.5 - 4.0
4.1 - 4.5
4.6 - 5.0
5.1 - 5.5
5.6 - 6.0
6.1 - 6.5
6.6 - 7.0
>7.0
Magnitude Range (Mw)
Ap
pro
xim
ate
Max
imu
m
Dis
tan
ce (
Deg
rees
)
AS-1 Seismograph – Approximate Distance of Recording versus Magnitude
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Comparison of WLIN AS-1 seismogram with SFIN (about 10 km from WLIN) STS 2 seismogram for 2010 Haiti earthquake
WLIN AS-1 vertical component, low pass filtered twice with 10 s period cutoff
EarthScope SFIN vertical component, low pass filtered with 10 s period cutoff
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Example of WLIN Station Earthquake List
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WLIN AS-1 Seismograph 24-hour screen display for August 15-16, 2007
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Example seismograms (local, regional, global, phases, recent, significant events)
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AmaSeis 24-hour seismograph display – M8.1 Samoa Islands earthquake, September 29, 2009
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AmaSeis seismogram display – M8.1 Samoa Islands earthquake, September 29, 2009
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AmaSeis seismogram display, ~20 s period surface waves – M8.1 Samoa Islands earthquake, September 29, 2009
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AmaSeis 24-hour seismograph display – M4.0 Mt. Carmel, Illinois earthquake, April 21, 2008
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AmaSeis seismogram display – M4.0 Mt. Carmel, Illinois earthquake, April 21, 2008
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AmaSeis seismogram display – M7.9 Kuril Islands earthquake, November 15, 2006
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AmaSeis seismogram display – M7.9 Kuril Islands earthquake, November 15, 2006 – High pass filtered with 2 s period cutoff to see aftershocks
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M6.3 Argentina deep focus (570 km) earthquake, Sept. 3, 2008
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PpP P
PS
M6.3 Argentina deep focus (570 km) earthquake, Sept. 3, 2008
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M6.3 Argentina deep focus (570 km) earthquake, Sept. 3,
2008 – AmaSeis Travel Time curve display
P pP
PP
S
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AmaSeis seismogram display – M4.9 N. Utah earthquake, April 16, 2010
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AmaSeis seismogram display – M6.0 Wells, Nevada earthquake, Feb. 21, 2008
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M6.0 Wells Nevada earthquake, Feb. 21, 2008 – AmaSeis Travel Time curve
display
P S
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AmaSeis seismogram display – M4.6 Evansville, Indiana earthquake, June 18, 2002
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M4.6 Evansville, Indiana earthquake, June 18, 2002, AmaSeis Travel Time curve display
Actual epicentral distance = 2.59 degrees
Time (minutes)
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AmaSeis seismogram display – M8.8 Chile earthquake, February 27, 2010
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AmaSeis seismogram display – M7.2 N. Baja earthquake, April 4, 2010
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Comparison of calculated earthquake to station distance and distance estimated from S – P times
N = 169; Standard Deviation = 1.89 degrees
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MS Magnitudes: N = 270; Standard Deviation = 0.25 magnitude units.mb Magnitudes: N = 520; Standard Deviation = 0.26 magnitude units.mbLg Magnitudes: N = 34; Standard Deviation = 0.35 magnitude units.
Comparison of AS-1 and USGS Magnitudes
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Comparison of AS-1 and USGS Mw Magnitudes
AS-1 mb, MS and mbLg magnitudes correlate well with M (Mw, moment magnitude) except for the largest earthquakes
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Use of real and relevant scientific data, observing in real time
Students and teachers operate seismograph and record their own data
Real time monitoring – display in classroom
Analyze and interpret seismograms and obtain accurate information about earthquakes from the seismograms – phases, epicentral distance, earthquake magnitude
Connect to other discovery and learning activities (seismic waves, Earth structure, plate tectonics, seismicity, earthquake hazards)
WLIN data online – can be used with AmaSeis on any Windows computer (does not need to be connected to a seismometer) – Data files:http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/as1lessons/as1lessons.htm (see #13), EQ List: http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/as1lessons/InterpSeis/EqList.xls
Key aspects of earthquake recording with an educational seismograph and the Seismographs in Schools program
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Thanks to John Lahrfor assistance, innovations
and insights for the educational seismology
program, his many other contributions to Earth
science education, and for being a great friend and
colleague!
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Science for Planet Earth
[email protected]/~braile
April 2010
References and Resources
This PPT: http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/ppt/ssa.ppt
IRIS Seismographs in Schools: http://www.iris.edu/hq/sis Using AmaSeis Tutorial:
http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/as1lessons/UsingAmaSeis/UsingAmaSeis.htm
AS-1 Reosurces (See Number 13 for link to WLIN AS-1 continuous data and Excel spreadsheet earthquake list): http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/as1lessons/as1lessons.htm
Interpreting Seismograms Tutorial: http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/as1lessons/InterpSeis/InterpSeis.htm