Sean P. Flanagan, PhD, ATC, CSCS Department of Kinesiology
California State University, Northridge
© 2006 Sean P. Flanagan
Bod
ySt
ruct
ures
Mus
cle
Tend
on
Bur
sae
Ner
ve
Join
tB
one
Vas
cula
r
Org
ans
Bon
e
Exo
stos
is
Apo
phys
itis
Frac
ture
Avu
lsio
n
Stre
ss
Loca
tion
Sev
erity
Sha
pe
Cla
ssifi
catio
nC
ontu
sion
FRACTURE CLASSIFICATIONS
A. By Location
1)
2)
3)
B. Severity
1)
2)
3)
4)
C. Shape
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Join
t
Liga
men
t
Sub
luxa
tion
Dis
loca
tion
Syn
oviti
s
Ost
eoch
ondr
alD
efec
ts
Ost
eoch
ondr
itis
Dis
seca
ns
Arth
ritis
Car
tilag
eTe
ar
Spr
ain
1stD
egre
e
2ndD
egre
e
3rdD
egre
e
Mus
cle
Stra
in
Con
tusi
on
1stD
egre
e
2ndD
egre
e
3rdD
egre
e
Myo
sitis
Oss
ifica
ns
Tend
on
Tend
initi
s
Teno
syno
vitis
1stD
egre
e
2ndD
egre
e
3rdD
egre
e
Per
itend
initi
s
Cal
cific
Tend
initi
s
Tend
inos
is
Bur
sa
Bur
sitis
Ner
ve
Stre
tch
Ent
rapm
ent
Neu
rapr
axia
Axo
notm
esis
Neu
rotm
esis
Com
plex
Reg
iona
lP
ain
Syn
drom
e
COMPARING TISSUE INJURIES
Structure Nomenclature Description
Ligament
Muscle
Tendon
Nerve
Vasc
ular
Eval
uatio
ns
Clin
ical
On-
Fiel
d
Am
bula
tory
Ath
lete
Dow
n
Injury EvaluationProcess
His
tory
Des
crip
tion
Pre
viou
sH
isto
ryG
ener
alM
edic
alH
ealth
Loca
tion
Sou
nds
&S
ensa
tions
Mec
hani
sm
Ons
et &
Dur
atio
n
Rel
ated
toO
ppos
ite S
ide
Cha
nges
inS
ympt
oms
COMMON DESCRIPTIONS OF PAIN
A. BONE
B. FRACTURE
C. JOINT
D. MUSCLE / TENDON
E. BURSAE
F. NERVE
G. VASCULAR
Obs
erva
tion
Pos
ture
Func
tiona
lM
ovem
ent
Pat
tern
s
Sho
esG
ait
Inju
red
Are
aG
ross
Def
orm
ity
Sw
ellin
gD
isco
lora
tion
Sig
ns o
fIn
fect
ion
Bila
tera
l Sym
met
ry
SIGNS OF INFECTION
A. Pain
B. Redness
C. Swelling
D. Pus
E. Foul Odor Drainage
F. Heat to Site
G. Fever
H. Swollen Lymph Nodes
Palp
atio
n
Poi
ntTe
nder
ness
Cre
pitu
s
Trig
ger
Poi
nts
Cha
nges
inTi
ssue
Den
sity
PALPATION GUIDELINES
A. Practice Self Palpation
B. Less is More
C. Movement vs. Stillness
D. Develop a Sequence
1) Structures
2) Areas
E. Begin on Opposite Side / Away from Pain
Stress Tests
Bon
e
Long
Bon
eC
ompr
essi
on
Per
cuss
ion
Join
t
Spe
cial
Tes
ts
End
Fee
l
Join
tP
lay
Pas
sive
R.O
.M.
END FEELS
A. Normal
1)
2)
3)
B. Abnormal
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
GONIOMETRY – SFTR METHOD
Plane 1st Number 2nd Number 3rd Number
Sagittal (S)
Frontal (F)
Transverse (T)
Rotation (R)
Hypomobility
Fixed Joint Ankylosis
Mus
cle
/Te
ndon
Act
ive
R.O
.M.
Isom
etric
“Bre
ak”
Test
s
Pas
sive
R.O
.M.
Res
iste
dR
.O.M
.
MUSCLE TEST GRADING
GRADE
VALUE MOVEMENT
Ner
ve
Mot
or
Pat
holo
gica
lR
efle
xes
Bra
in
Sen
sory
Cer
ebel
lum
Cer
ebru
mC
rani
al N
erve
Myo
tom
es
Der
mat
omes
Dee
p Te
ndon
Ref
lexe
s
DEEP TENDON REFLEX GRADING
GRADE
VALUE PATHOLOGY
Vasc
ular
Dis
tal
Pul
ses
Imag
ing
X-R
ay
Bon
e S
can
Mag
netic
Res
onan
ceIm
agin
g
Com
pute
dTo
mog
raph
y
Ultr
asou
nd