Download - Secession and the Civil War
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SECESSION AND THE CIVIL WARSouth Carolina and…?
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Secession of the South Reasons for secession (First State, Leaders,
Constitution) Emotional-North wants to establish black rule in the South.
Goal was not equality, but the reversal of roles for the races.
Economic-policies of a Republican president-protective tariffs, free homesteads in the west, etc.--will prevent the South from prospering.
Northern reaction to secession Most opposed forcing the South to return to the Union Buchanan refused to act when a federal supply ship was
attacked in Charleston Harbor in January 1861 Crittenden Compromise
proposed the prohibition of slavery north of the Missouri Compromise line (36 30), but allowing it south of the line in addition to compensation to owners for runaway slaves
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Secession of the South Lincoln’s reaction Inaugural Address
Protect Federal Property Nation indissolvable Would retaliate if forcedFort Sumter employed force because the South was
denying the democratic principle that formed the basis of the Union.
sent supplies to Ft. Sumter in Charleston Harbor (April 12, 1861)
Confederates opened fire on the fort, starting the war
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Lincoln Declares War Union Generals
Winfield Scott, George McClellan, Ambrose Burnside, Joseph Hooker, George Meade, Ulysses S. Grant
Confederate Generals Robert E. Lee
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North vs. SouthNorth's advantages over the South Potential fighting and working force: 20
million citizens Population: 2.5:1 Free male population (ages 18-60): 4.4:1
Wealth produced: 3:1 Factory production: 10:1 Iron production: 15:1 Coal production: 38:1
Transportation--superior in every respect Railroad mileage: 7:1 Naval tonnage: 25:1 Merchant ship tonnage: 9:1
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North vs. SouthSouth's advantages over the North Fighting a defensive war
Local support familiarity with terrain
Positive goal: seeking independence Short communication lines and friendly
population United public in contrast to the North
Non-slaveholders eager to volunteer to fight Experienced officer corps
many veterans of the Mexican-American War joined the Confederacy
Cotton (24:1 advantage over North) necessary for textile factories of England and France
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Union Home frontMobilization and Finance Conscription
-poor fight, rich get out of it-Draft riots (NYC 1863)
http://youtu.be/x5kil3Pfkng
Money-Increase tariffs, income tax, “greenbacks”
War Profiteers-Manufacturers and industrialists made
lots of
money, many through corrupt means.
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Union Home front
What Civil Liberties? Save the Union
Blockade Increase size of Army
Keep the Border states Suspends habeus corpus Supervised voting Newspapers/editors influenced/pressured
Not in the Constitution
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Southern Home front
Declared martial law Suspended habeus corpus Confederate Constitution
Strong Constitution vs. states rights Mobilization and Finance
Conscription Conflict, Rich vs. Poor
Confederate currency Not currency, bills of credit
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Leading to Emancipation
Lee’s first mistake decision to invade the North Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg, MD) Gain support from border states and England. Decrease morale of North
Lee’s second mistake Lost plans for battle Found by North Decisive/Important victory for North No British support Set platform for Emancipation
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Emancipation Proclamation
Moral Cause for the War Emancipated slaves in the South, not
border states. Must win the war to have impact Prelude to the 13th Amendment Gave slaves a reason to rebel and join
Union army.
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Gettysburg The beginning of
the end 3 days of battle South won first two North won the third Pushed Lee out of
the North and put South back on the defensive.
Turning point of the war.
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War in the South Grant becomes Northern
commander Captures Vicksburg, MS Coincides with Gettysburg
Sherman’s “March to the Sea” Total War Scorches Atlanta to
Savannah Grant outlasts Lee
Willing to continue the fight
Knew North had more troops and supplies
Takes Richmond
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Sherman’s “March to the Sea”
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Southern Surrender? Appomattox Court
House Lee surrenders to
Grant in April 1865 (VA)
Lincoln assassinated April 14, 1865 Ford’s Theatre John Wilkes Booth
Lincoln Martyred Radical Republicans
use death to support their cause.
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Outcome of Civil War
Costs 600,000 lives $15 million Animosity b/t North and South
Benefits US resilience Abolished slavery US now major player in the world