Download - Section 02Systems Documentation1 02 Systems Documentation And Franchise Colleges By MANSHA NAWAZ
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 1
02 Systems Documentation
And Franchise Colleges
By MANSHA NAWAZ
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 2
Learning Aims– to understand the documentation requirements
for computing projects
– systems development activities
– to be able to draw up a Terms of Reference for a
proposed small scale computerised system
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 3
DOCUMENTATIONOVERVIEW
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 4
Developing Computer Systems
• TEAM – share system development tasks– Size of development team– Size and scope of project– Skill & experience of the team ….
• Documentation used to communicate.
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 5
Early Systems Development
First systems • no method or special
techniques– used flow charts– used english text
• experience & rule of thumb
Growth period• systems became
– larger– more complex– more numerous
• problems arose– late– over budget– bugs
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 6
The Solution
• Needed was a way to– handle lots of detail– produce reports specific to stage of
development– allow communication analyst - customer
• Structured Methodologies– Yourdon, DeMarco, Gane & Sarson– later SSADM, Waterfall, etc
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 7
Structured Methods
• ordered set of related techniques
• specific to needs of the various stages
• mainly graphical models but supported with text
• manageable
• training & guidance available
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 8
STRUCTURED METHODOLOGIES
– used to document all systems to a universally accepted defined standards
• Documentation standards – use the same tools• Speak the same language - use the same tools
• Structured Methodology tool of interest : – Computer Aided Software Engineering Tools &
Techniques (CASE)
Please Note
There are many different CASE Tools and Techniques available
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 9
The Techniques
See Supplement 02 Computer Aided Software Engineering
Tools and Techniques(CASE)
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 10
CASE Tools and Techniques of interest
• Data Flow Diagrams – context diagram, top-level dfd, explosions
• Data Dictionaries – data description, process logic
• Normalisation– Design technique for database tables
• Entity Relationship Diagrams Database Development
– Modelling technique for database tables
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 11
Graphical models
• short precise compared to english narrative
• abstract, focus on essential detail
• hierarchical, levels of detail
• partitionable, view different parts
• minimally redundant, easy to change
• transparent, see ‘reality’ not technology
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 12
Computers and Reality
• The real world consists of people, places, forms, letters, documents
• Non of these exist within the computer• Our models reflect this by showing a
LOGICAL view of the system• The models (dfds) show what happens
to data about things in the system & not what happens to the actual things
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 13
For the purposes of this module we are going to restrict our SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY to utilise the following :
CASE Tools and Techniques of interest
• Data Flow Diagrams – context diagram & Events List
– top-level dfd
– low-level dfd’s (explosions)
• Data Dictionaries – Data Description
– Process Descriptions
• Normalisation
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 14
For the purposes of this module we are going to restrict our SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY to utilise the following :
Systems Documentation
• Analysis Specification
• Design Specification
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 15
Document : Analysis Specification – Terms Of Reference lecture 02
• Statement of Purpose• Requirements• Functions• Constraints
– Context Diagram & Events List lecture 03
– Top-Level Data Flow Diagram lecture 04 lecture 05
– Low-Level Data Flow Diagrams lecture 06 lecture 07
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 16
– Data Dictionary lecture 08
• Data Stores - Structures & Elements lecture 08
• Data Flow - Structures & Elements lecture 08
• Data Stores and Flow Usage lecture 09
• Process Descriptions lecture 10
– NORMALISATION lecture 11
• Database Tables derived from Data Store Descriptions
Document : Design Specification
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 17
DOCUMENTATIONIN DETAIL
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 18
For the purposes of this module we are going to restrict our Terms of Reference to the following sections:
Terms Of Reference• Statement of Purpose• Requirements• Functions• Constraints
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 19
• Is an introduction to the project environment• Short English narrative highlighting the customer
background and current situation• Description of the area to be investigated
– what is inside the system boundary
• Business activities• System environment - physical area• Organisation & structure• Systematically refined and added to as we gain
more awareness of the system environment
TERMS OF REFERENCE
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 20
• Short English narrative highlighting what the proposed system should do
• Systematically refined and added to as we gain more awareness of the system
STATEMENT OF PURPOSES
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 21
To achieve its purpose the proposed system will have to perform a variety of operations– record sequentially in a numbered list– each a statement of a required function– include general must do things– no detail of how to do – no detail of the overall structure
• Systematically refined and added to as we gain more awareness of the system
Functional Requirements
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 22
CONSTRAINTS
Customers often place other constraints that have nothing to do with the system function. – Non-functional Requirements– delivery time– run on specified hardware platform– use of specific language/software– record sequentially in a numbered list
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 23
Summary• Stages involved in Systems Analysis
• Stages involved in Systems Design
• What CASE tools we will use
• What documentation we will produce
• Establish Terms of Reference – Terms Of Reference
• Statement of Purpose• Requirements• Functions• Constraints
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 24
Self Study
Self Study• Review the lecture• Complete task 2a & b in the workbook• can you achieve the aims stated in slides 2?
• Check Further Reading Section following the next slide
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 25
Further Reading
Supplement 02
Systems Theoryonline only
available online
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 26
Further Reading
Supplement 02
Establishing User Requirementonline only
available online
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 27
Further Reading
Supplement 02
Rich Picture.doc
available online
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Section 02 Systems Documentation 28
References
• Hoffer, J.A. et.al. “Modern Systems Analysis & Design” 3rd Ed. Addison-Wesley 2002 Ch1, pp11-15, Ch2-3 Ch4 pp93-119
• Bennett, S. et. al. “Object-Oriented Systems Analysis & Design using UML” McGraw-Hill 1999 cCh1 pp18-20, Ch3 pp55-60, Ch11 pp245-7
• Parkin, A. (1987) “Systems Analysis” Edward-Arnold• Reading:
– Bennett et al, Chapter 5– Hoffer et al, Chapter 7 pp 202–237
• Reference source:– David Budgen, Software Design, Addison Wesley, 1993