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SECTION 17.1COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS
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EVOLUTION
Organisms in communities are adapted to live there by natural selection
Natural selection influences other organisms as well – this is coevolution
Coevolution leads to very complex interactions
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COEVOLUTION
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PREDATION
One organism kills another for foodThe predator is the killer, the prey is the
food
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PREDATION
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PARASITISM
One organism feeds on and lives on or in another
Parasites usually do not kill their hosts, but they can make them very sick
Many parasites have complex life cycles to transmit their offspring to another host
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PARASITISM
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HERBIVORESPlants cannot escape by moving, so they
have evolved other defensesSecondary compounds are not needed for
photosynthesis or to encourage insect pollination
They may be poisonous to insects or bad tasting
Some plants also have thorns or spikes
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HERBIVORES
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SYMBIOSIS
Two or more species living together long-term
Mutualism is helpful to bothCommensalism is helpful to only one, the
other is not helped or harmed
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MUTUALISM
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COMMENSALISM