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Correctional Services
SECURITY AND CONTROL IN A CORRECTIONAL FACILITY
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Copyright and Terms of Service
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. These materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of the Texas Education Agency (TEA) and may not be reproduced without the express written permission of TEA, except under the following conditions:
1) Texas public school districts, charter schools, and Education Service Centers may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for the districts’ and schools’ educational use without obtaining permission from TEA.
2) Residents of the state of Texas may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for individual personal use only, without obtaining written permission of TEA.
3) Any portion reproduced must be reproduced in its entirety and remain unedited, unaltered and unchanged in any way.
4) No monetary charge can be made for the reproduced materials or any document containing them; however, a reasonable charge to cover only the cost of reproduction and distribution may be charged.
Private entities or persons located in Texas that are not Texas public school districts, Texas Education Service Centers, or Texas charter schools or any entity, whether public or private, educational or non-educational, located outside the state of Texas MUST obtain written approval from TEA and will be required to enter into a license agreement that may involve the payment of a licensing fee or a royalty.
Contact TEA Copyrights with any questions you may have.2
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EXTERNAL CONTROLS
A correctional facility’s physical features that make up its perimeter and support structures
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EXTERNAL CONTROLS
Examples: Anywhere inmates have access Tower gates Fences Walls Detection systems Catwalks/run-arounds
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INSPECTIONS HELP PREVENT
HazardsAssaultsContraband concealmentDisturbancesEscapesSecurity breachesFacility Alterations
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PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR TRAFFIC
May only enter and leave at designated points
Should be located close to each other
Gates separate public access portions of the administration
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PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR TRAFFIC
All visitors and employees must Pass through a security entranceHave proper identificationBe processed into the facility
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HOSTAGE POLICY
No hostage has any authority
No inmate will be released while holding someone hostage (visitor, employee, or another inmate)
Be a casual observer8
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HOSTAGE POLICY
Tunnels penetrating the perimeter are concerns Secure them with grills Use closed-circuit TV Use motion detectors Drain pipes must have a small
diameter
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LIGHTING
Light the perimeter
Place interior lights to eliminate blind spots in the shadow of buildings
Use high intensity, high mast lighting Provides lighting level and coverage Safer for staff Reduces inmates’ ability to move at
night
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OUTSIDE-ASSISTED ESCAPE ATTEMPTS
They take a predictable form A visitor brings in a weapon,
disguise and/or other contraband
Be aware of situations outside the perimeter Helicopter Firing at towers
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INTERNAL CONTROLS
Staff must account for the inmates Follow procedures in the written
security manual Perform security inspections and
inmate counts Control weapons, chemical
agents, keys, and tools Attend yearly training
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INTERNAL CONTROLS
A visible supervisor helps a facility stay well-managed.
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DESIGN ISSUES
Central Control Outside of the secure perimeter Away from direct inmate activity Most secure location (completely
invulnerable to inmate attack) Center of all communication
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DESIGN ISSUES
Central Control Is staffed 24 hours a day Takes inmate counts Issues and inventories keys Coordinates internal and
perimeter security networks
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DESIGN ISSUES
Central Control Monitors
▪ Key traffic points▪ Fire alarms ▪ Smoke and thermal detection▪ Radios and computers▪ And more
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INTERNAL MOVEMENT
Control can be facilitated by Cutoff fences Checkpoints Closed-circuit cameras
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ENTRANCES
Used to monitor and control inmate traffic Mirrors Closed-circuit television
Location is key External physical features greatly
affect the internal ones
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ENTRANCES
Examples Windows Doors Stairwells Elevators
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INMATE ACOUNTABILITY
Involves Movement control Pass systems Census checks Record systems
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INMATE ACOUNTABILITY
Requires a count each shift Before and after typical working
hours After any mass movement At bedtime During the night (two or more)
Each inmate must actually be seen
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OUTCOUNTS
Inmates Assemble in a general area Must be out when a count is done
Staff Must submit inmates names and
numbers Call control center with numbers Report to the count officer, who is
accountable
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INMATE MOVEMENT
Staff Verify the inmates description Check the count onboard each time
the vehicle stops or starts Use restraints (varies with inmate
classification) Use a combination of pass systems
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TOOLS
Control Tools must be accounted
for at all times Every item is contraband Need a tool control
officer Inventory is checked
daily
Classifications Class A (extremely
dangerous) Class B (Hazardous) Class C (Non-Hazardous)
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TOOLS
Storage Shadow boards Identifying marks Receipt for each tool in use Class A tools must be locked in a secure
room
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FOOD SERVICE ITEMS
Keep Class A items locked on a shadow board in the room of use
Do not use any food with alcoholic base
Keep yeast, nutmeg, and sugar in a locked area, or do not use
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HOSPITAL ITEMS
Consider and store surgical tools as Class A
Keep bulk items in a vault (Emergencies only)
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SEARCHES AND CONTRABANDSearches are frequent and unannounced Inmates, property, and quarters Other areas of the facility
Searches Help detect contraband Help prevent disturbances
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Contraband Can be sold or traded Aids escape attempts Destroys property Endangers human life Violate the institution’s rules
Need a written search policy and well-trained staff
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SEARCHES AND CONTRABAND
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INMATE SEARCHES
Officers during pat downsRequire inmates to
▪Remove hats▪Unbutton jackets▪Empty pockets
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INMATE SEARCHES
Officers during pat downs Avoid using unnecessary force
Work from behindExamine all the subject’s articles
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INMATE SEARCHES
Officers during pat downs Follow these steps:
1. Run hands under the inmate’s shirt collar2. Down the upper part of each arm to the
wrists3. Along the undersides of arms to the armpits4. Down from the shirt front to the belt5. Run thumbs around the inside of the belt
(front to back)6. Run hands down the front of legs to shoe
tops7. Then up the backside of legs8. Down the back from the shirt collar to the
waist
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BODY SEARCHES
Officer duties Perform only in a private area Stand behind the inmate Tell the inmate to remove all
clothing, dentures, and prostheses and move away from them
Search the clothing
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BODY SEARCHES
Officer duties (continued) Inspect the inmates entire body
visually for contraband ▪ Mouth, armpits, feet, toes, and between
buttocks
Only inspect body cavities with reasonable belief the inmate is carrying contraband
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HOUSING UNIT SEARCHESDo without warningConduct with two officersSearch before being occupied by new
inmatesBe careful of needles
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HOUSING UNIT SEARCHES A few obvious hiding places
Holes and cracks in wall, floor, and ceiling
Lighting and wall fixtures Washbowl, toilet, and plumbing
stacks Shelves, drawers, and medicine
cabinets and their contents
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VEHICLE SEARCHES
Search all vehicles and machinery when entering or leaving
Inspect all the passenger compartments
Use mirrors to inspect the undercarriage
Search the contents of commercial vehicles
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VISITATION SEARCHES
Search visitors before enteringUse metal detectorsSearch all packages
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EMERGENCY KEYS
Allows staff rapid access to every part of the facility to respond to a crisis
Should look the same as other keys
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RESTRICTED KEYS
Laundry and clothing issue areasBusiness officePersonnel officeThe CommissaryWarehousesAdministration officesArmory Control center
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KEY HANDLING
Do not leave keys in the lock Never take entrance keys inside the
facility Never allow inmates contact with
armory keys Never allow grand master key in open
circulation inside the institution
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SECURITY INSPECTIONS
Search all physical security featuresCheck for compromised security
featuresFollow maintenance procedures Confirm security equipment is fully
operationalDocument all of this
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COMMUNICATIONS
Effective communication is key for officers to function
Equipment used Radios Tower intercoms Personal body alarms Closed-circuit television
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HANDLING HIGH SECURITY INMATES
High Security Inmates Held in special housing units Require extra supervision
Tower officers must know who they are
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SPECIAL SUPERVISION UNITS
These areas confine inmates who Are extremely dangerous Cannot be held safely in the
general population of any regular institution.
Examples Protective custody Witness security Death Row
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SUMMARY
Every correctional unit has protocols and policies in place to maintain the security of the facility and handle emergency situations.
It is important for a correctional officer to know these things for their safety and the safety of the other officers and inmates.
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RESOURCE
Correctional Officer Resource Guide (3rd edition), American Correctional Association
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Correctional Officer Resource Guide 3rd edition by American Correctional Association
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