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Security & Cooperation
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SECURITY CHALLENGES
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Increase in Arms Transfers Cold War, post-CW UNSC P5+1 UN ATT proposal
The world's 5 largest military spenders in 2013 accordingto the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.[1]
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Increase in Severity: Technology
http://www.cleveland.com/world/index.ssf/2008/12/92_nations_sign_treaty_to_ban.html
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Focus, FrequencyChange in focus of security
◦ Guns and bombs human security
Increase in frequency◦ Decolonization◦ Civil unrest map
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http://bpm-americas.blogspot.com/2010/03/summary-para-states-quasi-states-and.html
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Consequences of Conflict: Syria
http://news.usni.org/2014/01/21/document-u-s-response-syria
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Consequences of Conflict: Syria
• History• More than 3.2m have fled Syria http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30036360
• 66,000 fled in one day into Turkey http
://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-29301123
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30036360
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Consequences of Conflict
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28541909 a
Syrian refugee camp in Jordan for 600,000+ people
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Consequences of ConflictWhat are the int’l consequences of conflict?
◦Spill-over effect◦Creates hostilities◦Interferes with trade◦Forestalls development◦Emigration◦Intervention issues
¤
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THREATS
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By States
WarActs of aggression
◦RussiaSpecial operationsCovert
EspionageSupport insurgents¤
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24690055
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Across States: Int’l Terrorism
What is terrorism?Int’l terrorism
◦Organize, attack across borders Al-Shabab IS
Reaction to perceived threats◦Colonization, westernization
State-sponsored terrorismRwandaM23 Congo rebels IranHezbollah (Shia) in Lebanon
Houthis (Shia) in Yemen¤
http://warnewsupdates.blogspot.com/2012/05/us-involvement-in-yemens-war-against-al.html
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Within States: Domestic TerrorismLack political representationObjectives
◦Attention◦Challenge gov’t
Coup d’état Assassinations Guerrilla warfare
◦IndependenceBasques- Eta
Is domestic opposition terrorism? Freedom fighters v. terrorists¤
Peru’s Shining Path
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PiracyPeaked in 2011Since droppedInt’l watersMore common near ‘troubled’ states
◦Somalia◦Nigeria
¤
http://www.economist.com/node/18061574
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Piracy ArticleSovereignty
◦Somalia- failed state v. Nigeria- territorial watersGS economic issues
◦Funding campaigns; illegal, and terrorist activities
Int’l cooperation◦UNSC ◦Regional IGOs◦Lack resources◦East more
trafficked In east, not west¤