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SMART BUILDING
(BUILDING AUTOMATION)
“In the age of technology, believing in every out of box imagination is valid because technical wonders can make that things happen in real”
SAJID WARSI090105033E.I.E, 4th Yr.
BRIEF HISTORY
The high technology concept of intelligent building systems was introduced in United States in early 1980’s.
In the early 1980s, several major
technology trends were under way.
services and innovations entered
the telecom marketplace
the creation and emergence of the personal computer
industry.
Smart Home Perspective .... a new kind of service delivery environment providing value to the consumer
19th Cenrury Elementary tasks based on Human Capability & Flexibility
20th Century Functional System Integration makes life easier
21st Century Integration of comprehensive Living Environment
Health care
Infotainment
Key DRIVER :Broadband Connectivity & Communicating Devices
Broadband connectivity- City Wide
Broadband : Cable/DSL,
- 3GTelephony rollout starting (integrate the data)
- WiFi deployment - Wimax is announced
This era also spawned the first real connection between real estate
developers and technology.
• Structured cabling systems,
• Audio visual systems, building automation controllers with direct digital control (DDC),
• Conditioned space for network equipment,
• Access control systems,
• Video surveillance.
Some modest technological
advancements in buildings are:
The positive financial effects of integrated systems,
Energy conservation,
Greater systems functionality,
The continuing evolution of technology.
Increasing needs
The drivers for smart buildings are :-
WHAT IS SMART BUILDING?
“a new generation of buildings that almost think for themselves … called intelligent buildings.”
Such a building was defined as “a COMBINATION of two
technologies—old-fashioned building management and
telecommunications.”
Building should know what is
happening inside and immediately
outside.
Building should decide the most effective way of
providing a convenient,
comfortable and productive
environment for its occupants.
SMART BUILDING
RICHA BHUSHAN090105031E.I.E, 4th Yr
AIM OF SMART BUILDINGSThe technology
allows us to operate the building more
efficiently;
to construct the buildings in a more
efficient way,
to provide productive and
healthy spaces for the occupants and
visitors,
to provide a safe environment,
to provide an energy-efficient and sustainable environment,
and to differentiate and improve the
marketability of the building.
A smart building involves the installation and use of advanced
and integrated building technology systems.
These systems include building automation, life safety,
telecommunications, user systems, and facility
management systems.
Smart buildings provide actionable information about a
building or space within a building to allow the building owner or
occupant to manage the building or space.
Smart buildings provide the most cost effective approach to the design and the deployment of
building technology systems. The traditional way to design and
construct a building is to design, install, and operate each system
separately (Fig.1-1)
FIG.1.1 building systems.
—allowing information and data about the building's operation to be used by multiple individuals occupying and managing the building(Fig. 1.2)
So, further developments were being done.
The above process reduces the inefficiencies in the design and construction process saving time and
money.
FIG.1.2 INTEGRATED BUILDING SYSTEMS
Some instances
A smart building, that is equipped with special
structured wiring to enable occupants to remotely control or program an
array of automated home electronic devices by
entering a single command.
For example: a homeowner on vacation
can use a Touchtone phone to arm a home
security system, control temperature gauges,
switch appliances on or off, control lighting,
program a home theater or entertainment system, and perform many other tasks.
CONTD.Smart building system gives
information for the users about each element inside the building by using wireless sensor
networks.
These buildings keep a watch over themselves and their own well
being.
They put off lights, shutdown air conditioners,
check the water storage tanks,
recharge the central UPS in
case of a power failure and switch
on the alarm in case of fire.
CONTD.
RFID(Radio-frequency identification) readers (The reader has an antenna that emits radio waves) and tags are also used to achieve this
goal (the tag responds by sending back its data).
A tag is attached near each object in the building.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
Walls and ceilings will be embedded with sensors, and every aspect of a building's performance and use will be
metered and measured.
Software tools will be used to automatically optimize
building systems without human intervention;
real-time information about the building that is relevant to their particular needs will be provided to occupants and
building management.
Buildings will be fully interactive with the power
grid, and geospatial location systems will be deployed for
every building asset.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY BUILDINGS AND INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS.
• Ordinary building, there will be different room conditions depending on the changes in the environmental conditions.
• The cost of construction of Intelligent Building is very high as compared to an ordinary building.
• Intelligent building adjusts the inside functional aspects such as lighting, ventilation, air conditioning, etc. automatically with the changes in environmental conditions controlled by computer.
• In an Intelligent Building, the security system, communication system, etc. are coordinated and automatically controlled by computer work station where as in ordinary buildings there is no work station.
• But in case of ordinary building, a building service engineer and an architect is enough.
• While planning an intelligent building, a building service engineer, an architect & hardware engineer is required.
Benefits Intelligent
buildings
will provide:
• Optimal lighting level
• Reduced energy use
• Increased security
• Increased efficiency
• Operational and Energy Cost Savings
The intelligent or smart buildings can provide many benefits to an organization. By integrating a number of building systems it helps an organization get the most efficient use out of all of their building systems.
PRIYA SRIVASTAVA090105801E.I.E, 4th Yr.
BUILDING AUTOMATION
Building automation desc
-ribes the advanced
functionality provided by the
control system of a building.
A building autom-ation system (BAS) is an example of a distributed
control system.
The control system is a computerized,
intelligent network of electronic devices
designed to monitor and control the
mechanical, electronics, and
lighting systems in a building.
BAS core functionality
keeps the building climate within a specified range,
Provides lighting based on an occupancy schedule,
Monitors system performance and device failures.
FUNCTIONS:-
Provides email and/or text
notifications to building
engineering/maintenance staff.
The BAS functionality reduces building
energy and maintenance costs
when compared to a non-controlled building.
A building controlled by a BAS is often referred
to as an intelligent building or a smart
home.
TOPOLOGY
Most building automation
networks consist of a primary and secon
dary bus
which connect high-level controllers with
lower-level controllers,
input/output devices
and a user interface (also
known as a human interface device).
wireless network.
RS-485 or a
RS-232,
ARCNET,
ethernet,
Optical fiber,
BACnet,
The primary and secondary bus can be
Inputs and outputs are either analog or digital.
Analog inputs are used to read a variable
measurement. Examples
are temperature,
humidity and pressure sensor which could
be thermistor,
4-20 mA, 0-10 volt or platinum resistance
thermometer (resistance temperature detector), or wireless sensors.
WORKING
A digital input indicates if a device is turned on or not. Some examples of a digital input would be a 24VDC/AC signal, an air flow switch, or a volta-free relay contact (Dry Contact).
Analog outputs control the speed or position of a device, such as a variable frequency drive, a I-P (current to pneumatics) transducer, or a valve or damper actuator. An example is a hot water valve opening up 25% to maintain a setpoint.
Digital outputs are used to open and close relays
and switches. An example would be to turn
on the parking lights when
a photocell indicates it is dark outside.
COMMERCIAL BUILDING AUTOMATION REVENUE BY SEGMENT(2011-2015)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
$0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 $90,000
$100,000
Y-Values
Y-Values
FUTUTER SCOPE
In the future, the definition
of a smart building will continue to expand, as
the technology
evolves and as the
regulatory and
standards environment for DR and
building automation
matures. Together,
smart buildings and the
smart grid will continue to reinforce
each
other, providing continuing
opportunities to improve
energy efficiency, as well as the
economics of operating
the electricity grid.
Let’s dream : tomorrow’s energy efficient buildings would have …
A structure and walls of such insulation performance that only 50 kWh/m2/year would suffice to achieve ideal thermal comfort
All of its equipment to the optimal energy performance level (lighting, HVAC, office devices, …)
Intelligence everywhere that would seamlessly handle energy usage optimization whilst guaranteeing optimal comfort, a healthy environment and numerous other services (security, assistance to elderly people, …)
Renewable and non polluting energy sources
The ability to satisfy its own energy needs (thermal and/or electric) or even contribute excess power to the community (zero/positive energy buildings)
Users whose behaviors would have evolved towards a reasoned usage of energy
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab
http://www.amazon.com/Buildings-Systems-Architects-Owners-Builders/dp/1856176533
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_automation
http://www.smart-
buildings.com/
ThANK YOU…