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Solid Waste Management
Gulshan KumarCivil engg.Roll no.-
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What Are Waste ?• “ Substances or objects which are disposed of or are
intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of the law”
• Disposal means
“Any operation which may lead to resource recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or alternative uses.”
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Classification
• Domestic waste• Factory waste• Waste from oil factory• E-waste• Construction waste• Agricultural waste• Food processing waste• Bio-medical waste• Nuclear waste
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Solid Waste
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Classification of Wastes• Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household
waste etc.
• E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV, music systems etc.
• Liquid waste- water used for different industries eg tanneries, distillaries, thermal power plants
• Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.
• Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.
• Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power plants
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Classification of Waste a/c to their properties Bio-degradable :- can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)
Non-biodegradable :- cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines, cans, containers and others)
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SOURCES OF WASTE
HOUSEHOLDS
COMMERCE ANDINDUSTRY
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SOURCES OF WASTE
Agriculture
Fisheries
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Solid Waste in India• 7.2 million tonnes of hazardous waste
• One Sq. km of additional landfill area every-year
• Rs 1600 crore for treatment & disposal of these wastes
• In addition to this industries discharge about 150 million tonnes of high volume low hazard waste every year, which is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas.
Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest
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Growth of Solid Waste In India• Waste is growing every year
• In 1981-91, population of Mumbai increased from 8.2 million to 12.3 million
• During the same period, municipal solid waste has grown from 3200 tonnes to 5355 tonne, an increase of 67%
• Waste collection is very low for all Indian cities
• City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on hygienic condition of the city
Source: The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi
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Projections on Waste Generation In India
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Waste Collection in India• Primarily by the city municipality :-
- No gradation of waste product e.g. - bio-degradable, glasses, polybags, paper shreds etc.- Dumps these wastes to the city outskirts
• Local raddiwala / kabadiwala (Rag pickers) :-- Collecting small iron pieces by magnets- Collecting glass bottles- Collecting paper for recycling
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Disposal of solid wastes• Sanitary land filling
• Shredding
• Composting
• Incineration
• Barging it out into the Sea
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Managing WasteRecycling
Benefits of recycling :-
- Reduce environmental degradation- Making money out of waste- Save energy that would have gone into waste handling &
product manufacture
Saving through recycling :-
- Making paper from waste saves 50% energy- Every tonne of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to
100 litres of oil
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Managing Waste• Reduce Waste :-
- Reduce office paper waste
- Improve product design to use less materials.
- Redesign packaging to eliminate excess material while maintaining strength.
- Work with customers to design and implement a packaging return program.
- Switch to reusable transport containers.
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Managing WasteReuse :-
- Reuse office furniture and supplies, such as interoffice envelopes, file folders, and paper.
- Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins, dishes, cups, and glasses.
- Use incoming packaging materials for outgoing shipments.
- Encourage employees to reuse office materials rather than purchase new ones.
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Managing WasteDonate/Exchange :-
- old books
- old clothes
- old computers
- excess building materials
- old equipment to local organizations
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Hazardous / Toxic Waste & Dumping Site
• Industrialized countries have waste management problems
• Developed countries have strict environment regulation norms
• Most attractive option for them- to dump into developing countries
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Collection & Recycling of Waste Materials
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Recycling not a solution to all problems !
- Recycling is not a solution to managing every kind of waste material
- For many items recycling technologies are unavailable or unsafe
- In some cases, cost of recycling is too high
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Solution : More Profit With Zero Waste
• Exchanging output that are considered waste
• Waste of one could be input or raw material for others
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Problems in Dealing With Solid Waste• Education
• Collection of waste
• Technological interventions
• Institutions & regulatory framework
• Absence of mandatory standards for waste reduction
• Market action for waste reduction
Source: The Energy & Resources Institute
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• Effects our health
• Affects our socio-economics condition
• Affects our costal and marine environment
• Affects our climate
EFFECT OF WASTE IF NOT MANAGED WISELY
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Thank You