PENDAHULUAN
Jumlah Jam /SKS: 29 jam/2 SKS
Aktivitas :
1. Kuliah : 8 x
2. Tutorial : 2 scenario (4X)
3. Praktikum : 3 x
4. Examination : minggu ke 7
Module Coordinators:
Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, M.Si., Apt
Module Secretary:
dr. Rul Afiyah Syarif, M.Kes.
Module Staff:
Dra. Tri Murini, M.Si., Apt.
dr. Yolanda Dyah Kartika, M.Sc.
General instructional objectives Students are expected to understand the use of herbal medicine and
phytopharmaca in therapy
Learning Objective: To know definition and types of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca
To know the meaning of primary and secondary metabolites
To know standarization methods in herbal medicine study
To know the raw material and pharmaceutical dosage form of herbal medicine.
To practice symplisia and extract preparation as basic materials for herbal
medicine.
To identify secondary metabolites of herbal medicine.
To evaluate the meaning of pharmaceutical dosage form of herbal medicine and
phytopharmaca
To know the stage of preclinical and clinical trials for herbal medicine and
phytopharmaca
To know the application of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca in evidence based
clinical practice
To know the risk and side effect of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca.
SILABUS MODUL HERBAL MEDICINE
TIU: Mahasiswa dapat mengerti
penggunaan herbal medicine dalam menunjang terapi
No Topik/Pokok
bahasan
Tujuan Pembelajaran Macam
kegiatan
1. Simplisia and Extract
(Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati W.,
MSi., Apt)
1. Mengetahui definisi simplisia, ekstrak, herbal
medicine dan fitofarmaka.
2. Mengetahui jenis simplisia, bahan dasar dan
penggolongannya.
3. Mengetahui prinsip pembuatan herbal medicine
dan Fitofarmaka
4. Mengetahui tahapan uji pengembangan herbal
medicine dan Fitofarmaka (in vitro dan in vivo )
Kuliah , praktikum
dan tutorial
2. Pengenalan Metabolit sekunder
(Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati, M.Si.,
Apt)
1. Mengetahui definisi metabolit primer dan
sekunder.
2. Mengetahui peran metabolit sekunder sebagai
senyawa penuntun dalam proses pengembangan
fitofarmaka dan obat modern.
3. Mengetahui penggolongan metabolit sekunder
dan cara identifikasinya.
4. Mengetahui beberapa contoh aktivitas metabolit
sekunder yang sudah ada di pasaran.
5. Dapat mengidentifikasi metabolit sekunder dari
bahan herbal.
Kuliah, tutorial
dan praktikum
No Topik/Pokok
bahasan
Tujuan Pembelajaran Macam
kegiatan
3 Standarisasi herbal medicine
Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati, M.Si.
Apt.
1. Mengetahui definisi standarisasi herbal medicine.
2. Mengetahui jenis, parameter dan cara
standarisasi herbal medicine
3. Mengetahui manfaat standarisasi herbal
medicine
Kuliah dan tutorial
4 Preclinical trials of herbal
medicine
(dr. Rustamaji, M.Kes/Dra Tri
Murini, M.Si.,Apt)
1. Know the importance of preclinical trials for
herbal medicine phytopharmaca
2. Understand the stage of preclinical trials for
herbal medicine phytopharmaca
3. Know some studies of preclinical trials for
herbal medicine phytopharmaca.
Kuliah dan tutorial
5 Penggunaan herbal medicine
dan fitofarmaka dalam
praktek klinis
Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati, M.Si.,
Apt.
1. Mengetahui jenis bahan herbal yang sering
digunakan dalam praktek klinis.
2. Mengetahui keuntungan dan kerugian
penggunaan herbal medicine dan fitofarmaka
dalam praktek klinis.
3. Mengetahui beberapa contoh penerapan herbal
medicine dan fitofarmaka dalam praktek klinis.
Kuliah dan tutorial
No Topik/Pokok
bahasan
Tujuan Pembelajaran Macam
kegiatan
6 Clinical trials of herbal medicine
(dr. Rustamaji, M.Kes/Prof. Dr.
Mae Sri Hartati
W.,M.Si.,Apt)
1. Know the importance of clinical trials for herbal
medicine phytopharmaca
2. Understand the stage of clinacl trials for herbal
medicine phytopharmaca
3. Know some studies of clinical trials for herbal
medicine phytopharmaca.
Kuliah dan tutorial
7 Bentuk sediaan Herbal medicine
dan Fitofarmaka
Dra Tri Murini, M.Si., Apt
1. Mengetahui bahan dasar herbal medicine dan
fitofarmaka
2. Mengetahui macam-macam bentuk sediaan
herbal medicine dan fitofarmaka.
3. Mengetahui lambang dan logo sediaan herbal
medicine dan fitofarmaka.
4. Mengetahui keuntungan dan kelemahan bentuk
sediaan herbal medicine dan fitofarmaka
Kuliah, tutorial,
dan praktikum
8 Safety of herbal medicine and
Phytopharmaca
dr. Rul Afiyah Syarif.,M.Kes/Dra
Tri Murini, M.Si
1. Mengetahui resiko terjadinya interaksi antara
herbal medicine dan obat modern.
2. Mengetahui interaksi farmakokinetik and
farmakodinamik antara herbal medicine dan obat
modern
3. Mengetahui efek samping herbal medicine dan
Fitofarmaka
4. Mengetahui beberapa contoh interaksi antara
herbal medicine dan obat modern, serta contoh
efek sampingnya
Kuliah dan tutorial
THE MAGIC LEAVES
A 45-year-old male patient is diagnosed by the doctor having
nephrolithiasis. The doctor advised him to do a surgery, but he is afraid to
do so. The patient asked the doctor if he can use herbal medicine
because his friend told him to try drinking water extract of tempuyung
leaves. The doctor found the information that tempuyung leaves contains
flavonoid as one of secondary metabolite. Afterwards, the doctor wonder
whether this extract has been standardized for herbal medicine.
.
Scenario-1
Sub-module 1: Basic Science of Herbal Medicine
Scenario-2
FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN MEDICINE
FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN MEDICINE
A doctor working in a public health care just read a health journal that publishes
efficacy of curcumin capsule, a new drug syntesized from traditional plant. In the
journal curcumin capsule is given to cure hepatitis. He know that his work area is
rich of medicinal plants and some people live here usually use the plants to
relieve their diseases. Further, he want to know how the process of producing a
new drug from natural resources such as from plant become modern drugs.
Sub-module 2: Drug Development of Herbal Medicine and Phytopharmaca
1. Simplisia and extract preparation
- 100 minutes (Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati, M.Si., Apt) To practice symplisia and extract preparation as raw materials for
herbal medicine.
2. Identification of secondary metabolic - 100 minutes (Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati, Apt)
Able to identify the secondary metabolite of herbal medicine 3. Information of pharmaceutical dosage form for herbal medicine and phytopharmaca - 100 minutes (Dra. Tri Murini, MSi., Apt) Able to understand the basic material of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca Able to understand the pharmaceutical dosage forms of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca
PROCEDURE
Each group of students ( 2-3 persons ) prepares one simplisia and one
extract in this laboratory practice. Extracts are prepared by using infusion
and maceration methods
A. SIMPLISIA
Simplisia of the Curcuma xanthoriza and Curcuma manggo
Simplisia of the Sonchus arvensis
1. Simplisia and extract preparation
SIMPLISIA PREPARATION:
Rhizome Simplicia Materials :
Rhizome: Curcuma Xanthorrhiza, Curcuma domestica, and Curcuma alba
Material gathering
Rhizomes are collected when the plants have wilted and dried. The main
rhizome including their branches all serve as the materials, from which symplisia are to
be made. After the roots of the rhizome are cut off and thrown away, the rhizome are
washed and then left to dry.
Making process
The rhizomes are then sliced into 3-up to 4-mm-thick chips and laid on a mat to
dry before storage.
Leaf Simplisia Material :
Sonchus arvensis L leaves
Material gathering and the process of simplisia preparation.
The leaves of the plants (two months old), are picked and washed. The leaves
are covered with a pice of black cloth and left to dry before storage. Another way to dry
the leaves are put in the oven set at 50-60 oC.
INFUSION Infusion of Sonchus arvensis
Infusion of Curcuma xanthoriza
INFUSION PREPARATION:
a. Sub group I and II :
Preparation of Curcuma xanthoriza (Temulawak) infusion
a). Eight gram of Curcuma xanthoriza is put into water until final
volume is 200 ml
b). It is then heated under (90-96 oC) on a water bath for 15 minutes.
c). Filter the infusion and then filtrate poured in to a clean bottle.
d). Ready to be consumed for natural appetite.
b. Sub group III and IV :
Preparation of Sonchus arvensis (Tempuyung) infusion.
a). A half gram (0,5) of Sonchus arvensis is put into water until final
volume is 100 ml
b). It is then heated under (90-96 oC) on a water bath for 15 minutes
c). Filter the infusion and then filtrate poured in to a clean bottle.
d). Ready to be consumed for remedy of the kidney stone problem.
EXTRACT Metanol extract of the Curcuma xanthoriza
Chloroform extract of the Curcuma xanthoriza
Metanol extract of the Sonchus arvensis
Chloroform extract of the Sonchus arvensis
EXTRACT PREPARATION Ten gram of simplisia is macerated in a certain solvent for 24 hours, then it is
filtered. The supernatan is evaporated to dryness.
Spotting Silica gel GF254 plate (as Stationary phase) 1. Mark the origin and solvent front on TLC plate with pencil.
2. Take the extract and put it in druple plate, then a little solvent {CHCl3+MeOH;
(1:1, v/v)} was added to dissolve.
3. Take a little of the extract solution using a capillary tube, and drop it on the
TLC plate.
4. Dry the plate using a hair dryer.
2. Identification of secondary metabolite
(1)
Mark the origin and solvent front on
TLC plate with pencil.
(2)
Apply sample on the origin as
fine 1 cm band.
Cont…
Development. 1. Make a suitable developing solvent as mobile phase (±4 mL)
CHCl3 extract ( Wash Benzene+Etyl Acetat :3:1, v/v)
MeOH/EtOH extract ( Wash Benzene+Etyl Acetat : 1:1, v/v)
2. Put a mobile phase into a chamber and capped with a watch glass.
3. Put the plate into chamber and let the mobile phase develop the plate.
4. Make sure the origin spot are not below the mobile phase level.
5. When the surface of the mobile phase reaches the upper end of the TLC plate,
the development is stopped.
6. Take out the plate from the chamber and let dry it using a hair dryer
2. Identification of secondary metabolite
Cont…
(3)
Put the plate into chamber containing suitable
developing solvent and let the solvent develop the
plate.
(4)
Take out the plate from the chamber when the solvent
reach the solvent front and let it air dried.
Visualization The plate observe using our naked eye, then using UV light 254 and 366 nm.
Record the TLC pictures.
Spray the plate with specific reagen:
Serium sulfat : Terpenoid group
Sitroborat : Flavonoid group
Dragendorf : Alkaloid group
Heat the plate on an oven set at 110 oC for 3 minutes.
Finally, record the change of colour.
(5)
Spray the plates individually with :
(a) Serium Sulfat reagent
(b) Dragendorf reagent
(6)
Heat the plate which is sprayed
with serium sulfat/dragendorf
on hot plate at 110°C to
develop colours.
2. Information of pharmaceutical dosage form for herbal medicine and phytopharmaca
1.Evaluate the kind of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca pharmaceutical dosage form. 2.The students are required to evaluate the dosage form of phytopharmaca in market in relation to the brochure. 3.The students are offer to ask questions about dosage form specification.
BLUE PRINT ASSESMENT Components of the students’ work evaluation
1. Tutorial : 20 % (miniquis)
2. Practical work and field visit : 20 % (pretest dan lap)
3. Final exam : 60 %
Final exam. (60% of the final score)
- 60 minutes/ 60 MCQ
: 47 (lecture materials)
: 4 (tutorial materials)
: 9 (Practical materials)
Time : Week 7