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Sensational Little Works in Progress: Sensorimotor Development, Preferences, and Learning
Elise Spronk, OTBrenda Nugteren, Teacher
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Sensory Systems Hearing Taste Smell Sight Touch Movement/Vestibular Body Position/Proprioceptive
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What is Sensory Processing?Definition: The everyday neurological procedure of organizing the information we take in from our bodies and the world around us for use in daily life.
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What is Sensory Processing Disorder? Neurological Disorganization results in 3
ways: Brain does not receive or detect
messages Brain is inefficient in integrating,
modulating, organizing, and discriminating sensory messages
Brain sends out inaccurate messages to direct child’s actions
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Sensory Profile Poor Registration
Sensation Avoiding
Sensory Seeking
Sensitivity to Stimuli
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Sensation Avoiding Low neurological
thresholds; tendency to counteract these thresholds
Sensory thresholds are met too often. This can be uncomfortable or frightening. Child either withdraws or has an emotional outburst to get out of the situation.
Resistant to change
Reliant on rigid rituals
Limit unfamiliar input and broaden the sensory processing range within acceptable rituals
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Poor Registration High neurological
threshold; act in accordance to those thresholds
Low energy levels and appear overly tired.
Brain requires increased stimulation to generate a response.
Recommend experiences concentrated with sensory information so that threshold can be met and child will notice and respond appropriately to cues.
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Sensation Seeking High neurological
threshold; act in accordance to the need to meet those high thresholds
Active Continuously
engaging Fidgety, and excitable
Incorporate additional sensory input into the child's routines so that thresholds can be met while conducting daily life
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Sensitivity to Stimuli Low neurological
thresholds and a tendency to act in accordance with those thresholds
Distractible, hyperactive.
Respond to the newest stimulus, drawing their attention away from current task
Provide child with sensory experiences as part of ongoing performance that supports him to continue task, and minimize chances for thresholds to be fired separately
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Modulation
Scores are scattered between high and low thresholds
May require increased time to get used to new task or environment
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Arousal/Alert Theory
Self-regulation The ability to
attain, maintain, and change arousal appropriately for a task or situation
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The Alert Program Help children learn to monitor, maintain,
and change their level of alertness so that it is appropriate to a situation or task.
SI and cognitive approach Ages 8-12, but can be adapted for
younger children Used with other appropriate therapies
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The Alert Program is designed to: Teach children, parents, and teachers how
to recognize arousal states as they relate to attention, learning, and behavior
Help children recognize and expand the number of self-regulation strategies they use in a variety of tasks and settings
Give therapists, parents, and teachers a framework to help children recognize and regulate their own arousal states
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Stages of the Alert ProgramStage One: Identifying Engine
SpeedsStage Two: Experimenting with
Methods to Change Engine SpeedsStage Three: Regulating Engine
Speeds
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Stage One—Identifying Engine Speeds1. Students learn the engine words.2. Adults label their own engine levels.3. Students develop awareness of the feel
of their own engine speeds, using the adults’ labels as guides.
4. Students learn to identify and label levels for themselves.
5. Students label levels for themselves, outside therapy sessions
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Stage Two: Experimenting with Methods to Change Engine Speeds
6. Leaders introduce sensorimotor methods to change engine levels.
7. Leaders identify sensorimotor preferences and sensory hypersensitivities.
8. Students begin experimentation with choosing strategies.
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Stage Three: Regulating Engine Speeds
9. Students choose strategies independently.
10. Students use strategies independently, outside therapy sessions.
11. Students learn to change engine levels when options are limited.
12. Students continue receiving support.
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SENSORIMOTOR PLANNING WORKSHEET
Rhythmic input over time – decreases arousal level Arhythmic input over time – increases arousal level
Rhythm of input +__________________________
Intensity of input + _________________________
Frequency of input + ________________________
Duration of input = _________________________ Optimal Function
From How Does your Engine Run? Figure 1-8. ©1991. Patricia Oetter, MA, OTR, FAOTA Printed with permission.
Taste/Smell
Sweet/Vanilla
Salt/Brine
Sour/Citrus Spice
Bitter/Smoke
Oral Texture
Suck/Blow
Bite/Chunch
Chew
Lick
Tactile
Joint and muscle activity, Cool to neutral warmth
Deep pressure Moderate
temperatures
Touch pressure Moderate
temperatures
Light touch (may be unexpected)
Extreme temperatures
Vestibular Movement
Joint and muscle activity
Oscillation (bouncing)
Linear movement (swinging)
Rotary movement (spinning or
partial rotation)
Vestibular Gravity
Vertical
Horizontal
Out of straight planes
(diagonals)
Upside down/backwards
space
Visual
Light/Dark Color
Form (boundaries)
Place (location)
Movement through time and
space
Auditory
Vibration Sounds Loud/Soft
Rhythm Music Sing-song speech
Rhyme
Vocalization/ speech sounds
Language
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Organizing Sensory Input and Activities for the Classroom/Childcare center--Environment
Limit extraneous visual materialCubbiesLabeled places and desk
organizationTape number or letter line on deskLimit extraneous auditory inputReduce the loud “surprise” factor
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General Organizing Sensory Activities Safe, firm pressure Quite corner/Hide out Quite music during independent work Breathe before transitions March from one activity to the next Oral input Wall push ups, chair push ups Hand fidgets Movement breaks
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Reading Wagon
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Auditory/Hearing Activities to Enhance Sensory Lifestyle• Music• Environmental
sounds• Instruments• Ear phones• The Listening
Program• Metronome
Rhyming Soft/rhythmical v.
loud/irregular Instruction
variations Ear dominance
Phonics phones Reading Wagon
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Associated OralMovements
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Oral Activities to Enhance Sensory Diet
• Chewy Necklace• Cotton ball math or alphabet
games• Drink or chew• Bubble gum• Straws• Camelbak water bottles
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Use the mouth to stay alert
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Tactile Activities to Enhance Sensory Diet• Hot Dog Roll• Clothing• Hand fidgets• Deep pressure
hand hugs• Deep/firm/
predictable versus light/ticklish/ unpredictable
• Vary textures• Pencil grips• Placement of kids
at end of line/seating chart
Use tools with art activities
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Proprioception/Heavy Work Activities to Enhance Sensory Lifestyle
Lifting chairs on deskErasing white boardCarry tasks (library, trash)Assign recess tasks
Deep PressureBottle BabiesStretchy bandsFabric Tube/tunnelObstacle CourseGym mats and tasks
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Balance and Movement Activities to Enhance Sensory Diet Jumping Rolling Climbing Swinging Rocking Spinning Crossing midline Upside down Slow/rhythmical v.
fast/irregular
• T-Stool• Move ‘n Sit cushion
or beach ball• Theraband on legs
of chair• “Alive, Awake,
Alert, Enthusiastic”• Obstacle courses• Animal walks
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Vision/Sight Activities to Enhance Sensory Lifestyle
• Space: too much stuff
• Visual Perception• Soft lights/colors
v. bright/twinkling• Calming tent/box• Lighting• Colors and
Patterns
• Guesstimation with Objects
• Remove some of visual information from paper
• Visually separating information on a page
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We are all unique! How does your engine run?