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Sentence Fragments
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What is a Sentence Fragment?
• A sentence fragment is a phrase or clause that is punctuated as a sentence but is not a grammatical sentence because it does not express a complete thought.
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Sentence Fragment Example:
Got a job in the post office during Christmas vacation.
Correct answer :My nephew got a job at the post office during Christmas vacation.
The reason why it is corrected this way is because a subject was a added in front of the verb.
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Independent Clause!
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What is an Independent Clause?
• An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb, expresses a complete thought, and can be punctuated as a complete sentence.
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Independent Clause Example:
Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz
A period can be added to this independent clause make it a complete sentence.
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Dependent Clause!
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What is a Dependent Clause?
• A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought and is not a complete sentence.
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Dependent Clause Example:
The trial court's ruling constituted a final order. Although it could be reversed on appeal.
Correct answer: The trial court's ruling constituted a final order, although it could be reversed on appeal.
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Types of Sentence Fragments !
What?
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Three different types of Sentence Fragments• Renamers- These fragments rename
and give further information about nouns.
• Example: While gardening, Erin dug up a plant that had taken over the yard. An English ivy.
• Correct answer: While gardening, Erin dug up a plant that had taken over the yard, an English ivy.
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Dependent word fragments
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Some word groups that begin with a dependent word are fragments.Following is a list of common dependent words.
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Dependent words:
After
although , though
as
because
even though
how
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In the example below, the word group beginning with the dependent word “After” is a fragmentexample:after I washed my car. I treated my self to lunch.A dependent statement- one starting with a dependent word like after- cannot stand alone. It depends on another statement to complete the thought. After I wash my car is a dependent statement. It leaves us hanging. We expect to find out, in the same sentence, what happened “after.”
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How to correct a dependent- word fragment.-In most cases you can correct a dependent- word fragment by attaching it to the sentence that comes after it or to the sentence that comes before it.
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There are two ways to correct the fragments1st, After I wash my car, I treated my self to lunch. Another way of correcting a dependent- word fragment is simply to eliminate the dependent word by rewriting the sentence-2nd I washed my car and then treated my self to lunch.
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Cont.
• Adverb Fragment - Includes a word (such as because, if, when, whenever, although, which) that makes a word group unable to stand alone.
• Example: Whenever he goes outside. He takes a photograph.
• Correct answer: Whenever he goes outside, he takes a photograph.
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ING- Word Fragments
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-Beginning a sentence with an -ing word will often to set you up for a sentence fragments.
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Example of -ing word fragment After the redskins won the championship, the fans celebrated.Dancing in the streets.Corrected: After the Redskins won the championship, the fans celebrated, dancing in the streets. Or After the Redskins won the championship, the fans celebrated.They were dancing in the streets.
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The trouble with the – ing verbis that are not a complete verb.They need helper to make them complete. if you find that you have a fragment due to an - ing verb, you can either attach thefragment to the sentence before or after, or you can add the missing words to complete the sentence.
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Cont.
• --Ing Fragment - Forms a verb and also explains something about the proceeding sentence.
• Example: Tyler goes to the gym every day. Exercising for an hour.
• Correct answer: Tyler goes to the gym every day, exercising for an hour.
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Added-Details Fragments
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Added- detail fragments lack a subject and a verb. Here is a list of words to watch out for.
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-Also
-including
-especially
-except
-such as
-for example
-like
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Underline the one added-detailfragment in each of the following items.
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Examples 1:
-Before a race, I eat starchy foods. Such as bread and spaghetti.
Corrected: -Attach the Fragments to the complete thought that precedes it.“ Before a race, I eat starchy foods such as bread and spaghetti.”
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Example 2
- Edward is taking a night course in computer programming. Also, one incomputer technologyu. He wants to save money on computer repairs.Corrected: -Add a subject and a verb to the fragment to make it a complete sentence.“Edward is taking a night course incomputer programming. Also, he is taking one in computer technology.”
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Example 3
-My sister keeps several pets in her room. Including hamsters and micecorrected: -Insert the fragments within the preceding sentence.“My sister keeps several pets, including hamsters and mice, in her room.
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Websites:
http://www.kentlaw.edu/academics/lrw/grinker/LwtaDependant_Clauses_and_Phrases.htm
http://cwl.oregonstate.edu/h-frag.html
http://www.mpcfaculty.net/essc/classes/eng301/301handouts/301%20Lab%202%20Handout.pdf