Download - Services: Nfs Smb Dns Ltsp Cups
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Systems Integration on Free Software
Enrique Ocaña González
(Block II)
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Index (1/5)
● NFS– Introduction– Install– Exporting configuration at server– Mounting configuration at client
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Index (2/5)
● SMB/CIFS– Introduction– Install– Server configuration– Client configuration
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Index (3/5)
● DNS– Introduction– Client resolver– DNS server: bind
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Index (4/5)
● Terminal services– VNC– LTSP– FreeNX
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Index (5/5)
● CUPS– Introduction– Server configuration– Client configuration
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Network File System (NFS)
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Index
● Introduction● Install● Exporting configuration at server● Mounting configuration at client
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Introduction
● Network File System– Traditional UNIX protocol used for volume
sharing between machines in a network in a transparent way
– Easy to set up– Unsafe!!: No authentication, ACL by IP,
unencrypted– Usually used with NIS+
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Install
● Requirements– Kernel nfs support– Packages:
● nfs-kernel-server / nfs-user-server (server)● portmap● nfs-common
● Tip: check portmapper access control– /etc/hosts.allow, /etc/hosts.deny
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Exporting
● Config file: /etc/exports
directory host1(option1,...) host2(...)
● Example:
● Manual: man exports
/tmp 192.168.1.71(ro) 192.168.1.2(rw)/pub *.domain.org(ro,root,_squash,sync)/home/peter 192.168.1.* (rw,all_squash,anongid=512,anonuid=509)
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Exporting
● Testing installation– showmount– nfsstat
iman exports, man showmount, man nfsstat
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Mounting
● mount t nfs export mount_pointmount t nfs 192.168.1.1:/tmp/ /mnt/tmp
● Entries in /etc/fstab
● Mount options: man nfs
server.org:/var/nfs/public /mnt/nfsserver nfs auto,nosuid,rw,rsize=8192,wsize=8192,intr 0 0
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Server Message Block Common Internet File
System Protocol(SMB/CIFS)
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Index
● Introduction● Install● Server configuration● Client configuration
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Introduction
● SMB is part of the NetBEUI protocol developed by Microsoft and IBM
● Allows disks and printers communication in Windows systems
● On Linux is called Samba, and allows interoperation with Windows hosts:– Filesystem and printer sharing– Client authentication– Network browsing helper, WINS
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Install
● Requirements– Kernel SMB filesystem (smbfs) support (for
clients)– Packages:
● samba, swat (server)● smbfs, smbclient (client)
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Server configuration
● Files– /etc/samba/lmhosts– /etc/samba/smb.conf
● [global]● [share_name], [printer_name]● [homes]● [printers]
● Helper utilities– swat http://localhost:901
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Server configuration
● Helper utilities– smbpasswd All backends– pdbedit -vL Tdbsam backend– smbcacls– smbcquotas
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Client configuration
● smbclient● mount -t smbfs //host/share /mount/point
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Domain Name Server (DNS)
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Index
● DNS– Introduction– Client resolver– DNS server: bind
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Introduction
● Domain Name System– Translates domain names ↔ IP addresses– Domains, subdomains, authoritative domains– Primary, secondary name server– DNS records
● A, AAAA Address● CNAME Alias● MX Mail exchange● PTR Reverse lookup (IP name)
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Introduction
– DNS records● NS Authoritative nameserver● SOA Start of authority● SRV Service location record● TXT Arbitrary info
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Client resolver
● Client resolver: libc– /etc/nsswitch– /etc/host.conf– /etc/resolv.conf– /etc/hosts
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DNS server: bind
● Packages: bind9 bind9-doc dnsutils● Config files:
– /etc/named.conf● /etc/named.conf.options● /etc/named.conf.local
– Zone files
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DNS server: bind
● named.conf– Options
● forwarders● allow-recursion
– Zones● type● file● masters● allow-query● allow-transfer
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DNS server: bind
● Example: primary server for “mynet”
// FILE: /etc/bind/named.conf.local
zone "mynet" in { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.mynet";};
zone "5.168.192.inaddr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.192.168.5";};
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DNS server: bind
● Example: primary server for “mynet”// FILE: /etc/bind/db.mynet$TTL 604800@ IN SOA mynet. mydns.mynet. ( 20080217 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
NS mydns.mynet.
MX 0 mydns.mynet.
mydns A 192.168.5.1myweb CNAME mydnsdiskserver A 192.168.5.2
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DNS server: bind
● Example: primary server for “mynet”// FILE: /etc/bind/db.192.168.5
$TTL 604800@ IN SOA mynet. mydns.mynet. ( 20080217 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache
TTL
NS mydns.mynet.
1 PTR mydns.2 PTR diskserver.
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DNS server: bind
● Example: secondary server// FILE: /etc/bind/named.conf.localzone "mynet" { type slave; masters { 192.168.5.1; }; file "db.mynet";};
zone "5.168.192.inaddr.arpa" { type slave; masters { 192.168.5.1; }; file "db.192.168.5";};
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Terminal Services
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Index
● Terminal services– VNC– LTSP– FreeNX
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VNC
● One to one connections– Native X-Window
● ssh -X● export DISPLAY, X Display Manager
– Virtual Network Computing● Server
– x11vnc (existing desktop)– vncserver, tightvncserver (new in-memory X server)
● Client– xvncviewer, xtightvncviewer, svncviewer
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LTSP
● Packages:– ltsp-server-standalone ltsp-manager thin-
client-manager-backend thin-client-manager-gnome openssh-server
● Dependencies: debconf-utils debootstrap dhcp3-server libasound2-plugins libgstreamer-plugins-pulse0.10-0 ltsp-server nbd-server openbsd-inetd tftpd-hpa pessulus python-crypto python-gconf python-glade2 python-gnome2 python-gnomecanvas python-imaging python-pyorbit python-tcm
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LTSP
● Install– Prepare PXE booting on clients– Tune dhcp:
● network at /etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf● interfaces at /etc/default/dhcp3-server
– ltsp-build-client– ltsp-update-sshkeys
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LTSP
● Install– /etc/exports:
● /opt/ltsp *(ro,no_root_squash,async)
– Restart services:● nfs-kernel-server● dhcp3-server● tftpd-hpa● openbsd-inetd
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LTSP
● Configuration– /opt/ltsp/i386/etc/lts.conf
● http://www.ltsp.org/twiki/bin/view/Ltsp/LtsConf
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FreeNX
● Install– Repositories: /etc/sources.list
– Packages● Server: freenx (expect libxcomp2 libxcompext2
nxagent nxlibs)● Client: nxclient (libstdc++2.10-glibc2.2)
● Usage: nxclient server
# FreeNX (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FreeNX)# wget http://mirror.ubuntulinux.nl/seveas.gpg O | sudo aptkey add deb http://mirror.ubuntulinux.nl feistyseveas freenxdebsrc http://mirror.ubuntulinux.nl feistyseveas freenx
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Common Unix Printing System
(CUPS)
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Index
● CUPS– Introduction– Server configuration– Client configuration
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Introduction
● Common Unix Printing System– Jobs– Printers, Classes: Printer group. First free
printer attends the job.– Filters: PDF, JPG, ... to PostScript– Backends: Parallel, USB, JetDirect, IPP, SMB...– Printer drivers: PPD, Gutenprint/Gimp-print,
Foomatic– Networking: IPP protocol
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Install
● Packages: cupsys cupsys-client cupsys-bsd
● Drivers:– cupsys-driver-gutenprint / cupsys-driver-
gimpprint– foomatic-filters, foomatic-db-engine
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Server config
● https://localhost:631● /etc/cups/cupsd.conf● /etc/cups/printers.conf
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Client config
● /etc/cups/client.conf