Download - Session 01 - Teaching Aids
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Effective Use of
Teaching Aids
Session 1
Basic Teaching Skills Coursefor Recently-Appointed Academic Staff
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TASK - Introductions
Stage One
Find a partner, preferablysomeone you dont know.
Find out a few things aboutthem, e.g.:
Who they are,
Which school/unit they workin,
What they do. Time for task - 5 minutes
Stage Two
Prepare a brief presentation tointroduce the person to the
group, and illustrate it withwith either:
flipchart, or
overhead transparencies.
Time for task - 10 minutes.
Stage Three
Make your presentation to thewhole group.
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Learning Outcomes
By the end of this session, you should be able to:
Choose the most appropriate visual aid for your purposeand context,
Use the black-/white-board effectively,
Make the most of the overhead projector,
Produce a basic presentation with MS Powerpoint,
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of othermedia.
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Why use teaching aids?
Teaching aids are useful to:
reinforce what you are saying,
ensure that your point is understood,
signal what is important/essential,
enable students to visualise or experience somethingthat is impractical to see or do in real life,
engage students other senses in the learning process, facilitate different learning styles.
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30% of what we SEE
We Learn and Retain:
10% of what we READ
20% of what we HEAR
50% of what we HEAR and SEE
Higher levels of retention can be achievedthrough active involvement in learning.
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WHITE-/BLACKBOARD
Advantages No advanced preparation
required,
except when displaying acomplex table/chart/ diagram.
Technology is not dependenton electricity or other possibleglitches.
Can be used by students forproblem-solving, etc.
Disadvantages Time-consuming if you have a
lot to write.
Handwriting may be difficult toread (legibility, size, glare,etc.).
Turn your back on audience.
Cleaning the board (chalk
dust, permanent marker, etc.)
Cant go back to somethingyouve erased.
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WHITE-/BLACKBOARD
TIPS Get to the lecture hall early to make sure that the board
has been cleaned. Bring your own chalk/markers and eraser.
If you have problems with keeping your writing level,draw horizontal lines in advance using a pencil and
metre stick. Draw complex diagrams, charts, etc. in advance and
cover with a piece of newsprint until needed.
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Advantages Allows you to prepare all your
slides in advance.
Particularly suited for complexdiagrams, charts andillustrations.
Can build up informationpoint-by-point through the use
of overlays. Dont have to turn your back
on the audience.
Disadvantages A blown bulb or power failure
can spoil all your hard work.
Image quality can also be aproblem.
Can be disorienting tomanipulate transparencies onprojector plate.
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Preparing Transparencies
By hand, or
Computer application (eg. MS PowerPoint, MS Word,HTML documents)
Printing - colour or B/W
Printer (laser or inkjet), or
Photocopier
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Selecting Text
Avoid overcrowding
Avoid continuous prose Bullet or numbered points preferred
KILLSKeep It Legible, Lean and Simple
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Please observe the rules
prohibiting thecombustion of vegetable
material and theexhalation of noxious
fumes in this auditorium.
NO SMOKING
Keep words to a minimum:
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
1st Qtr. 2nd Qtr. 3rd Qtr. 4th Qtr.East 20.4 27.4 90.0 20.4
West 30.6 38.6 34.7 31.5
North 45.9 46.8 45.0 43.9
Tables are best avoided:
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
050
100150200
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
NorthWestEast
Use Charts/Graphs instead:
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Choosing a Font
Size - minimum 20pt(5mm high)
Sans serif fonts preferred
Examples: 14 pt Tahoma
20 pt Tahoma
28 pt Tahoma
36 pt Tahoma
Times New Roman
Arial
Comic Sans
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Style Notes for TransparenciesAllow a margin of 5 cm (2) all round.
Avoid TOO MUCH UPPERCASE TEXT For emphasis, use bold or underlining instead ofitalics
Keep titles systematic and consistent
Justification - left or centred
Avoid light text on dark background.
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
During the Lecture
Keep used and unusedslides in separate piles.
Cover the slide with apiece of cardboard andslide it down to revealtext as you go.
Use a pen on the OHPglass rather than pointingto the screen.
Beforehand
Get to the room early tomake sure the OHP isworking.
Check the aim and focus.
Walk to the back of theroom to see whether thesmallest print is readable.
Relax (if possible).
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DATA PROJECTOR (portable)
How to connect your Laptop to a portable
data projector:
Attach one end of the data cable to the serial port of thelaptop.
Attach the other end to the RGB IN port of the dataprojector.
Switch the data projector on followed by the laptop.
Press the 'Fn' and the appropriate function key todisplay.
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DATA PROJECTOR (fixed)
A FEW DAYS BEFORE
Contact EducationServices Helpdesk tohave your accountauthorised for log on.
NOTE: Available in certain classrooms only
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DATA PROJECTOR (fixed)
JUST BEFORE YOUR LECTURE/TUTORIAL
Log on as normal.
Open PowerPoint (or other application) and access fileson your designated network drive, or
Open web browser, type in the URL and queue up whatyou want to present.
Minimise window until you are ready to use.
For further information, see: http://odtl.dcu.ie/projects/web-tl/terminals.html
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Other Media
FLIPCHART
When to USE:
if electricity isunavailable,
to enable studentsto illustrate groupreports,
to provide awritten record of
points made bystudents.
TIPS
Check the room andequipment beforehand.
Get your own pad ofnewsprint.
Write out important pages inadvance.
Dont put too much on a page.
Carry a collection of felt-tippens and check that theyhavent dried out.
Bring along some Blutack.
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Other Media
AUDIO TAPES or CDs
When to USE:
Particularly suited for languagelearning, media studies,
English literature, etc. Valuable when referring to
recorded historical events (e.g.Martin Luther Kings I have adream speech).
Background music can also beplayed before class starts andduring group activities.
TIPS
Check the room andequipment beforehand.
Can it be heard from the backof the room?
Find the right spot on thetape/CD and queue it up inadvance.
Dont play more than a fewminutes of audio at one time.
Break up longer clips intosegments, interspersed withdiscussion or other activities.
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Other Media
VIDEO TAPES or DVDs
When to USE: Adds a dimension not available
through audio alone - helps
students to visualise. Essential when illustrating
things that are impractical todo in real life.
Particularly suited for language
learning, media studies,engineering, etc.
Valuable when referring torecorded historical events.
TIPSSame as for CDs/audio tapes
Check equipment beforehand.
Can images be seen from theback of the room?
Queue up the tape in advance.
Break viewing into shortsegments, interspersed withdiscussion or activities.
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Making the most of the
DATA PROJECTOR
A brief introduction toMS PowerPoint
Further information can be found on the CSD web-site:http://www.dcu.ie/internal/csd/sms/webguides2000/power2k/power.htm
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TASK: Choosing Media
Stage One
Work individually.
Think of a lecture/ tutorial you
will be giving. What mediawill you use to support it?
Time for task - 2 minutes.
Stage Two
Form triads.
Share you plans with each
other. Why did you choosespecific media?
Time for task - 5 minutes.
Stage Three Raise problems/issues in plenary session.
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TASK: Stop - Start - Continue
Work individually.
Take out a piece of paper, and answer the following:
STOP - What would you like me to stop doing?
START - What would you like the facilitator to start doing?
CONTINUE - What would you like the facilitator to continuedoing?
Fold over and hand in on your way out.