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Exploring options to recycle and prevent
phosphorus waste in a food system
Session 41 – New insights into efficiency
H.R.J van Kernebeek, S.J. Oosting, M.K. van Ittersum,
R. Ripoll-Bosch, I.J.M de Boer
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Human consumption
Animal processing
Animal husbandry
Cropprocessing
Crop cultivation
Wastewater treatment
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Human consumption
Animal processing
Animal husbandry
Cropprocessing
Crop cultivation
Wastewater treatment
Leaching & runoff
E
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Human consumption
Animal processing
Animal husbandry
Cropprocessing
Crop cultivation
Wastewater treatment
E
Leaching & runoff
ECrop waste
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Human consumption
Animal processing
Animal husbandry
Cropprocessing
Crop cultivation
Wastewater treatment
E
Leaching & runoff
ECrop waste
Feed wasteE
Animal wasteE
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Human consumption
Animal processing
Animal husbandry
Cropprocessing
Crop cultivation
Wastewater treatment
E
Leaching & runoff
ECrop waste
E
E
Animal waste
Feed waste
Meat & milk waste
Crop waste
E
E
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Human consumption
Animal processing
Animal husbandry
Cropprocessing
Crop cultivation
Wastewater treatment
E
Leaching & runoff
ECrop waste
E
E
Animal waste
Feed waste
Meat & milk wasteE
E Crop waste
E
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Human consumption
Animal processing
Animal husbandry
Cropprocessing
Crop cultivation
Wastewater treatment
E
Leaching & runoff
ECrop waste
E
E
Animal waste
Feed waste
Meat & milk wasteE
E Crop waste
E
Human consumption
Animal processing
Animal husbandry
Cropprocessing
Crop cultivation
Meat & milk waste
Crop waste
Animal waste
Crop waste
I
MineralP input
Leaching & runoff
Wastewater treatment
E
IFeed additive
Phosphate rock
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Research objective
To assess the potential of preventing and recycling
phosphorus (P) waste in the food system, in order to
reduce the dependency on mineral P
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Material and methods
▪ Closed food system
▪ Parameterised: Netherlands
▪ 1800 x 103 ha cropland + marginal land
▪ Population: 17 mln people
▪ ≥ 2000 kcal and 57 gr protein/cap/day
▪ Selection of representative crops
▪ Dairy cows and pigs
▪ Small P soil losses and no net accumulation
▪ Baseline and alternative situations
▪ 0-80% protein from animals
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Human consumption
Animal processing
Animal husbandry
Cropprocessing
Crop cultivation
Meat & milk waste
Crop waste
Animal waste
Feed waste
Crop waste
I
Leaching & runoff
Wastewater treatment
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Baseline situation
MineralP input
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Human consumption
Animal processing
Animal husbandry
Cropprocessing
Crop cultivation
Meat & milk waste
Crop waste
Animal waste
Feed waste
Crop waste
I
Mineral P input
Leaching & runoff
Wastewater treatment
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Recycling human excreta
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Human consumption
Animal processing
Animal husbandry
Cropprocessing
Crop cultivation
Meat & milk waste
Crop waste
Animal waste
Feed waste
Crop waste
I
Leaching & runoff
Wastewater treatment
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Recycling animal waste
MineralP input
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Conclusions
▪ Preventing, recycling and animal protein consumption
▪ Optimal % animal protein depends on strategy
▪ Recycling human excreta most potential
▪ Waste prevention: 90% reduction in mineral P input
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Discussion
▪ Determining factors
● Strategies
● P:N ratio of products
● Ability to convert human inedible crop products
▪ Illustrated principles, applicable to other food systems
▪ Technical/legal feasibility of strategies
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Thank you!
Van Kernebeek et al (2018). Closing the phosphorus cycle in a food system: Insights from a modelling exercise. Animal, 12(8), 1755-1765
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