biosecurity built on science
3097Improved postharvest market access treatments
for horticultural commoditiesPauline Wyatt
Lisa Jamieson (project leader), John Golding, Peter Leach, Francis De Lima, Peter Follet, Barbara Waddell, Allan Woolf, Jack Armstrong
Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre
biosecurity built on science
Quarantine pests cause disruption to the trade of Australian and New Zealand horticulture commodities
Commodities that are hosts to quarantine pests need protocols to access export markets with quarantine barriers
Develop treatments: - effective against the pest- maintain product quality- fit in to transport and handling systems
(air-freight/sea-freight)- cost effective
Significant disinfestation R&D over the last 40 years Many protocols developed, some used extensively, some
not used at all
Problem being addressed
Q fly Medfly
Codling moth
Tomato potato psyllid
Apple leafcurling midge
biosecurity built on science
Phase 1 (Finished Nov 2015)- A review of:
treatment technologies disinfestation research current market access protocols
- Stakeholder workshops with horticultural industries
Phase 2: - Provide data to develop new export protocols based on
outcomes of Phase 1.
What are we doing about it?
biosecurity built on science
Fumigants- 15 major, 18 minor fumigants, methyl bromide
Energy treatments - irradiation, electrical, microwave, radio frequency, pulsed
electrical field, infrared, cold plasma Controlled atmosphere (CA)
- CA plus heat, CA plus cold, CA plus high pressure Physical
- heat, cold, pressure, vacuum, brushing, high pressure washing
Systems approaches
Review of treatment technologies
biosecurity built on science
Review all the published and unpublished phytosanitary research Researchers across Australia, NZ and USA who have conducted the research:
Review of disinfestation research
Team Member Organisation Speciality
Lisa Jamieson Allan Woolf
Barbara WaddellProject Leader
PFRNZEntomologyPhysiology
Pauline WyattPeter Leach DAF, QLD Entomology
John GoldingAndrew Jessup NSW DPI Physiology
Entomology
Francis De Lima AgHort Solutions, WA Entomology
Jack Armstrong Quarantine Scientific, NZ Entomology
Peter Follett USDA-ARS Entomology
biosecurity built on science
Species Lifestage Treatment No tested Commodity Reference Protocol
Medfly First instar 1°C 16 days 84,560Table grapes Red Globe
De Lima et al. 2011 Japan MAFF
Medfly First instar 2°C 18 days 78,859
Qfly First instar 1°C 12 days 66,739Table grapes Red Globe
De Lima et al. 2011 Japan MAFF
Qfly First instar 2°C 14 days 53,136
biosecurity built on science
Collated data on New Zealand and Australian fresh fruit and vegetable industries:
Value and volume of major fruit and vegetable exports Main export markets Current phytosanitary requirements Existing export protocols
Review of current market access protocols
biosecurity built on science
Crop Total Export value and Volume
Value of major markets
Market access pests
Approved treatments
CitrusOrange
$140.0 million134,448 t
Japan 34.0Hong Kong 27.6USA 16.2China 14.4Malaysia 11.4Singapore 8.8Canada 5.1Indonesia 3.6UAE 2.1
Japan: Qfly, MedflyChina: Fruit fliesThailand: Fuller’s rose weevil (FRW), fruit fliesUSA: Fruit flies, lightbrown apple moth (LBAM), Citrus black spot (CBS)
Indonesia: 1. Fruit fly free areas recognised: Riverland, South Australia and Tasmania.2. Cold treatments: onshore or in transit at or below 2°C for 16 days; or at or below 3°C for 18 days.3. Irradiation at 150 gray.4. Fumigation with methyl bromide at 64 g/m3 at 21°C for 2 h.China:1. Citrus spp., Oranges, Mandarins, Lemons, Grapefruit, Limes, Tangelo.2.Mandatory cold disinfestation treatment is required, onshore or in transit 1°C or below for 16 d or 2.1°C or below for 21 d.
biosecurity built on science
We can see- WHAT the various industries are exporting- To WHERE- Pests and diseases of concern
We know what research has been conducted and what has translated into protocols Which protocols are being used, or NOT, but why not? Which protocols are being used grudgingly? Where do new protocols need to be developed with additional research? We know what technology is available.
Review completed
biosecurity built on science
Presented findings from review at workshops with stakeholders- Citrus, Mango, Apple, Pear, Kiwifruit, Summerfruit,
Cherry, Table grape, Capsicum, Tomato, Berryfruit, Vegetables
- Hort Innovation, HortNZ, PBCRC- DAWR, MPI, Exporters, quarantine treatment providers
What are your:• Target markets?• Market access issues? • Useful and useless protocols?• Priorities for disinfestation research?
Workshops in Australia and NZ
biosecurity built on science
Fruit flies remain primary pest of concern (Aust. and NZ) Other pests FRW, MSW, thrips, mealybugs, scale insects,
mites, light brown apple moth and codling moth
Development of postharvest disinfestation treatments to enable market access by air-freight
Irradiation, methyl bromide, shorter cold treatments
Current cold treatments would be more useful if they were consistent between markets
NZ fruit fly preparedness: collection of efficacy data on 4 major species that are a threat
Qfly and Medfly (Aust.) Oriental fruit fly and Melon fly (exotic)
Several cross industry priorities identified
biosecurity built on science
Priority List for Phase 2
Develop new disinfestation protocols appropriate for air-freight - irradiation, low dose methyl bromide
Short cold treatments – combine with CA
Data required on exotic fruit flies – Oriental fruit fly and melon fly and compared with Qfly and Medfly.
Standardisation of cold treatments across markets
Phas
e 2
CRC
proj
ect
New Hort
Innovation projects
biosecurity built on science
Improve the efficacy of cold treatment in combination with controlled atmospheres:
Confirm the efficacy of high CO2 Compare different cold treatments with high CO2 Assess efficacy of different high CO2 combinations Determine the effects of different lengths of treatment
times Assess the addition of ethyl formate into high CO2
treatment
Shorter cold treatments
biosecurity built on science
Compare cold morality response data for 4 key fruit fly species:- Queensland fruit fly, Medfly – occur in Australia, not NZ- Oriental fruit fly and melon fly – exotic to Australia and NZ
Compare the scientific methods used between laboratories Statistics workshop to compare data analysis between
laboratories and discuss quarantine statistics Identify gaps for the relevant fruit fly species Possibly conduct trials to determine the comparative tolerances
of 4 species using common methods and data analysis
Fruit fly preparedness
biosecurity built on science
Prevent disruption to trade in the event an exotic incursion 1995 B. dorsalis incursion into North Queensland stopped the trade of
mangoes to Japan Containment within the quarantine zone prevented loss of trade of
many commodities to many export markets Another incursion would STOP all trade into quarantine markets
Comparative data sets are required
Benefits
biosecurity built on science
Horticultural industries are the main beneficiaries- Prioritisation of disinfestation research- Development of new ‘workable’ export protocols- Preparedness for exotic incursions
DAWR as the market access negotiators are an important end user We have taken a proactive role in engaging with DAWR from the start of
the project to give us the best chance of a useful outcome Early engagement with DAWR, MPI and Industry has already produced
useful feedback for the project
Beneficiaries and end-users
biosecurity built on science
For more information, please email:[email protected] – Project leader
Project team members: John Golding, NSW DPI Pauline Wyatt, DAF QLD Peter Leach, DAF QLD Frances De Lima, AgHort Solutions, WA Jack Armstrong, Quarantine Scientific, NZ Peter Follett, USDA-ARS, Hawaii Allan Woolf, PFR NZ Barbara Waddell, PFR NZ