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Settling the Middle Settling the Middle ColoniesColonies
Settling the Middle Settling the Middle ColoniesColonies
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New Netherlands &New Netherlands &New SwedenNew Sweden
New Netherlands &New Netherlands &New SwedenNew Sweden
• New Netherlands settled by Dutch West India Co. 1623-24
• Fur trade• Buy Manhattan
Island from Indians• Peter Stuyvesant• New Amsterdam – a
“company town”• Aristocratic, diverse• Wall Street – Indian
defense• New Sweden falls to
Stuyvesant – absorbed by Dutch into New Netherland
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New YorkNew York
Manors &Manors &
Land Land GrantsGrants
PatroonshiPatroonshipsps
New YorkNew York
Manors &Manors &
Land Land GrantsGrants
PatroonshiPatroonshipsps
Land granted topromoters who agreedto settle 50 people.
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New AmsterdamNew AmsterdamNew AmsterdamNew Amsterdam
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PeterPeter
StuyvesantStuyvesant
PeterPeter
StuyvesantStuyvesant
DukeDuke
of Yorkof York
DukeDuke
of Yorkof York
• English see Dutch as intruders• 1664, Charles II grants area to brother,
Duke of York• Stuyvesant surrenders easily• New Amsterdam renamed New York• Dutch influence survived though:
– Autocratic, aristocratic– Harlem, Brooklyn– Easter eggs, Santa Claus, bowling,
skating, sleighing, golf
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William William PennPenn
William William PennPennThe “Holy The “Holy
Experiment”Experiment”The “Holy The “Holy
Experiment”Experiment”
““Religious Religious Society of Society of Friends”Friends”
The QuakersThe QuakersWhy are the Quakers seen as so offensive by authorities?
How did William Penn get the PA land grant?
How did he encourage settlers to come?
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Penn & Native Penn & Native AmericansAmericans
Penn & Native Penn & Native AmericansAmericans
• Fair treatment• Bought land from
Indians• Amicable relations• PA most
successful colony!
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Quaker PennsylvaniaQuaker PennsylvaniaQuaker PennsylvaniaQuaker Pennsylvania• Philadelphia (“City of Brotherly Love”)
well-planned out; becomes largest colonial city
• Representative assembly elected by landowners
• No tax-supported church / freedom of worship to all (except Catholics/Jews)
• No military defense established - pacifists• No restrictions on immigration• Anti-slavery – THE FIRST ABOLITIONISTS!
• Diverse mix of ethnic groups• Liberal/modern – but still some “blue laws”
New Jersey – Proprietors, 1664Delaware - 1610
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Urban Population Urban Population GrowthGrowth
1650 - 17751650 - 1775
Urban Population Urban Population GrowthGrowth
1650 - 17751650 - 1775
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Ethnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEnglish largest, followed by Germans & Scots-Irish
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• Lack of distinctive institution like Southern slavery or New England town meetings– Not ruled by wealthy planters like South nor by
the church like New England• Characterized by diversity, religious
tolerance• Cash crops – grains; “Bread colonies”• Ironworks – Pittsburgh area• Settlement of interior, not just coastal area
- river access to back country for trade• Internal Conflicts:
– Leisler’s Rebellion – NY, 1689• anti-BR sentiment
– Zenger’s trial*** – NY, 1734• Freedom of the press• Truth is absolute defense to libel (contrary to
BR law)– Paxton Boy’s uprising – PA, 1764
• Another east-west conflict like Bacon’s!
““The Middle Way”The Middle Way”““The Middle Way”The Middle Way”