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Seven Essential Steps to…
PREPARING A SPEEECH
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Step One:Analyze Audience and Occasion
To WHOM are you speaking? Number? Age? Interests? Previous knowledge on your topic?
WHERE/WHEN are you speaking? Room size and arrangement? Time of day? Reason for gathering?
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Step Two:Determine Your Purpose
There are Five Basic Speech Purposes:
To Inform To Persuade
To Convince To Impress To Actuate
To Entertain
Often, a speech has MORE THAN ONE purpose. For instance, you may want to both inform and entertain your audience.
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To Inform The goal of a speech to inform is that
your AUDIENCE UNDERSTANDS THE INFORMATION.
Examples: lectures, seminars Keys will be:
Structure and organization Supporting information Clear preview and review
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To Convince The goal of a speech to convince is that
your AUDIENCE ADOPTS YOUR POINT OF VIEW.
Examples: sales presentations, political speeches
Additional Keys will be: Audience adaptation Persuasive appeals
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To Impress The goal of a speech to convince is that
your AUDIENCE STRENGTHENS AN ALREADY HELD BELIEF.
Examples: Pep rallies, sermons Additional Keys will be:
Passionate delivery Emotional appeals Style strategies
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To Actuate The goal of a speech to convince is that
your AUDIENCE TAKES ACTION. Examples: political rallies, fundraising
appeals, infommercials Additional Keys will be:
Persuasive appeals Adaptation strategies
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To Entertain The goal of a speech to convince is that
your AUDIENCE ENJOYS your speech. Examples: toasts, roasts, “after-dinner
speaking” Additional Keys will be:
Conversational delivery Audience adaptation
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Step Three:Select and Narrow your TOPIC
Is the topic suitable for ME as a speaker?
Am I interested enough in the topic? Can I get my audience interested? Do I know enough about this topic? Do I know where to find more
information?
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Step Three:Select and Narrow your TOPIC
Is the topic suitable formy AUDIENCE? Will my audience be interested in this
topic? Is my audience capable of
understanding this topic? How much background information will they need? Do I have enough time to give them the necessary
background info?
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Step Three:Select and Narrow your TOPIC
Is the topic suitable for this OCCASION or ASSIGNMENT?
Does the occasion demand a serious or light topic?
What is my audience expecting of me? Will this topic allow me to demonstrate
the goals of this assignment?
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Step Three:Select and Narrow your TOPIC
Is the topic suitable for the amount of TIME available?
How much time have you been given?
Can you cover this topic in that amount of time?
Can you limit the topic to fit?
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Step Four:Gather Supporting Material
Sources: Yourself--what do you already
know about this topic? Other people--do you know any
“experts” on this topic? Research--library, databases,
websites, etc.
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Step Five:Organize Your Message
Chronologically First, second, third…
By subtopics Point A, point B, etc
Spatially Area by area
Cause-Effect Step A lead to Step B, etc.
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Step Six:Put It On Paper
Make an Outline.
Transfer it to note cards (or to your final script).
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Step Seven:PRACTICE OUT LOUD
Practice in a mirror.
Practice for a willing “trial audience”
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Types of DELIVERY Impromptu
With little or no planning Extemporaneous
Planned out, but not written out Speaking from an outline
Manuscript Read from a script
Memorized