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Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome What am i ?

Mild, moderate, or severe viral respiratory infection caused by a distinct coronavirus. It is Believed to be less infectious than the influenza virus. Incubation period estimated to range from 2 to 10 days .Not highly contagious when protective measures are taken Currently no known transmission worldwide.

Two stages❖ Stage 1 : involving flu like

symptoms that begin 2 to 7 days after incubation and last 3 to 7 days

❖ Stage 2: involving the lower respiratory tract

Patho Coronaviruses cause diseases in pigs, birds, and other animals. A theory suggests that a coronavirus may have mutated, allowing transmission to and infection of humans-(SARS-associated coronavirus [SARS-CoV]). Mucous membranes come in direct or indirect contact with infectious respiratory droplets or fomites. The virus attaches itself to human receptor cells, initiating a nonspecific acute lung injury. The result is diffuse, severe, alveolar damage.

Causes❖ Coronavirus

known as SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

Assessment Contact with a person known to have SARS. Travel to an endemic area. Flu like signs and symptoms; initially no respiratory signs or symptoms during the first 3 to 7 days, then a nonproductive cough.RESP: Dry cough, Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Rhinorrhea, Crackles, Respiratory distress in later stagesGI/GU: Diarrhea,Nausea and vomiting,Sore throat,MS: MyalgiasDERM: RashMISC: Fever and chills, Headache, Fatigue,Malaise, Anorexia

O: Out of country U: Undeveloped countriesT: Travel to endemic areas

O: Out of breath F: Fever, fatigue

B: Bad muscle aches ( myalgias) R: Rhinorrhea Respiratory distressE: Excess vomitingA: A sore throat/ T: TachypneaH: Headache

Labs & Diagnostics ❖ Antibody testing with enzyme-linked

immunosorbent assay and the immunofluorescent antibody test confirm diagnosis.

❖ Sputum culture isolates coronavirus.❖ Complete blood count may show leucopenia and

thrombocytopenia.❖ Liver transaminase level and lactate

dehydrogenase test results may be elevated as may creatine kinase levels.

❖ SARS-specific polymerase chain reaction test detects SARS-CoV ribonucleic acid.

❖ Blood culture identifies the infection.❖ Chest radiography may be normal or may reveal

diffuse interstitial infiltrates or bilateral peripheral infiltrates.

❖ Computed tomography scanning (thorax) may reveal infiltrates that resemble ground glass or may reveal obvious consolidation.

Interventions ❖ Symptomatic treatment❖ Airborne and contact precautions❖ Negative-pressure single room for

hospitalized patients❖ Strict respiratory and mucosal barrier

precautions, including an N95 respirator❖ Quarantine of exposed people to prevent

the spread of the virus❖ Global surveillance and reporting of

suspected cases to national health authorities

❖ Intubation and mechanical ventilation, if indicated

❖ Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis

Treatments ● Antivirals: ribavirin (Virazole) or

oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) (not proven consistently effective)

● Combination of steroids and antimicrobials (not proven consistently effective)

● Interferon alfacon-1 (not proven consistently effective)

● Oxygen therapy● IV fluid supplementation

Education ❖ Educate on disease process❖ Measures to prevent spread of

infection❖ Hand hygiene ❖ Not sharing utensils❖ Educate on treatment regimen. ❖ Educate on the importance of

follow up care.