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Shah JahanShah JahanShah Jahan ascended the Mughal throne inShah Jahan ascended the Mughal throne in AD1628 and ruled till AD 1657. he ensured his AD1628 and ruled till AD 1657. he ensured his position by ordering the execution of all the male position by ordering the execution of all the male
relatives who might have had any claims to therelatives who might have had any claims to thethrone. His brother Shahryar, was arrested andthrone. His brother Shahryar, was arrested andblinded. Shah Jahan was intelligent, ambitious andblinded. Shah Jahan was intelligent, ambitious anddynamic. He was eager to continue Akbar·s policy of dynamic. He was eager to continue Akbar·s policy of
expansion.expansion.
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Birth name: Ghiyas-ud-din Shah Jahan
Title: Emperor of Mughal Empire
Birth: January 5, 1592
Place of birth: Lahore, Punjab (Pakistan
)
Death: January 22, 1666
Succeeded by: Aurangzeb
Marriage: *Quandari Begum
*Mumtaz Mahal
Children:
* Aurangzeb, son
*Murad Baksh, son
*Dara Shikoh, son
*Shah Shuja, son
*Jahanara Begum, daughter
*Roshanara Begum, daughter
*Gauhara Begum, daughter
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EXPEDITIONSEXPEDITIONS
He had a Deccan Campaign in which he annexedHe had a Deccan Campaign in which he annexed Ahmadnagar and subdued Bijapur and Golconda. Ahmadnagar and subdued Bijapur and Golconda.
He ended a Central Asia Campaign in a disaster He ended a Central Asia Campaign in a disaster During Shah Jahan·s reign, the Mughals lostDuring Shah Jahan·s reign, the Mughals lostKandahar Kandahar
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Expulsion of the PortugueseExpulsion of the Portuguese Akbar Akbar andand Jahangir Jahangir hadhad granted granted thethe PortuguesePortugueseandand EnglishEnglish traderstraders thethe permission permission toto setset upuptradingtrading settlementssettlements inin IndiaIndia.. ShahShah Jahan Jahan allowedallowed
thethe EuropeansEuropeans toto carrycarry onon their their tradingtrading activitiesactivitiesinin IndiaIndia butbut keptkept aa watchwatch onon themthem.. ShahShah Jahan Jahan found found thatthat thethe PortuguesePortuguese werewere usingusing their their basebase ininHugliHugli for for piracy piracy inin thethe BayBay of of BengalBengal.. TheyThey alsoalso
kidnappedkidnapped orphansorphans andand forcibly forcibly convertedconverted themthem totoChristianityChristianity.. HeHe sentsent Mughal Mughal forces forces toto defeatdefeat andandexpelexpel themthem from from HugliHugli..
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Administration AdministrationF or F or thethe earlyearly yearsyears of of hishis reign,reign, therethere waswas nonoseriousserious challengechallenge toto hishis authority,authority, tilltill thethe outbreakoutbreak of of
thethe war war of of successionsuccession..TradeTrade andand commercecommerce flourished flourished andand thethe statestatebecamebecame moremore prosperous prosperous..Prince Khurram was 35 years old when he ascended Prince Khurram was 35 years old when he ascended
the throne as Shah Jahan (King of the World).the throne as Shah Jahan (King of the World).Succeeding Jahangir in 1627, Shah Jahan enjoyed the Succeeding Jahangir in 1627, Shah Jahan enjoyed the support of experienced administrators and advisors support of experienced administrators and advisors -- -- like his father like his father- -in in- -law Asaf Khan law Asaf Khan -- -- who were holdovers who were holdovers from the previous reign.from the previous reign.
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Architecture Architecture
Shah Jahan, revived Akbar's policy of pressing southward against the independent
Muslim Sultanate of the Deccan. But almost all of his expansion expeditions were unsuccessful. The expenditures resulting from Shah Jahan's failed attempts at frontier
expansion, as well as his insatiable appetite for new and grand architecture, were appreciable factors in the empire's eventual financial crisis
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The signature of love, the poem in white marble, the epitome of The signature of love, the poem in white marble, the epitome of
beauty, the wonder of the world, that'sbeauty, the wonder of the world, that's Taj Mahal Taj Mahal . The pride and . The pride and
passion associated with India for the passion associated with India for the Taj Mahal Taj Mahal remains itsremains its
greatest gift to the world heritage. Much more than the mausoleumgreatest gift to the world heritage. Much more than the mausoleum
of the Mughal Empress Mumtaz Mahal,of the Mughal Empress Mumtaz Mahal, Taj Mahal Taj Mahal is an exemplary is an exemplary work of art . Year after year tourists flock to take a look at thework of art . Year after year tourists flock to take a look at the
symbol of lovesymbol of love Taj Mahal Taj Mahal . The romantic aura around the monument . The romantic aura around the monument
attracts millions to the most visited and the most photographed attracts millions to the most visited and the most photographed
monument . Welcome to the world of beauty at themonument . Welcome to the world of beauty at the Taj Mahal Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal
S hah Jahan is best known as the builder of the Taj Mahal , a shrine
to his Persian second wife, Arjumand Bano Begum, popularly
known as Mumtaz Mahal ("Ornament of the Palace") whom he
married on May 10 ,1612 , at the age of 20 .
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Also called the Pearl Mosque, at Agra is considered Also called the Pearl Mosque, at Agra is consideredto be the most perfect buildings of Shah Jahan. Shahto be the most perfect buildings of Shah Jahan. Shah Jahan have a special attraction towards white marbles Jahan have a special attraction towards white marblesthat is why most of his buildings were made out of that is why most of his buildings were made out of
white marble.white marble.
Moti Masjid Moti Masjid
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Red Fort
This monument has been made out of red sandstoneThis monument has been made out of red sandstoneand is quite massive.and is quite massive.
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Successors of Shah Jahan
DARA AURANGZEB MURADSHUJA
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EstimateEstimateShah Jahan was a great ruler and we all willShah Jahan was a great ruler and we all willremember him by our hearts.remember him by our hearts.
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Shah Jehan¶s Estimate of His Sons
The Emperor Shah Jahan used to say, ³At times I fearThe Emperor Shah Jahan used to say, ³At times I fear
that my eldest son [Dara Shukoh] has become the enemythat my eldest son [Dara Shukoh] has become the enemy
of good men; Murad Bakhsh has set his heart on drinking;of good men; Murad Bakhsh has set his heart on drinking;
Muhammad Shuja has no good trait except contentment (Muhammad Shuja has no good trait except contentment (i. i.
e .e ., easy good nature). But the resolution and intelligence of , easy good nature). But the resolution and intelligence of Aurangzib prove that he [alone] can shoulder this difficultAurangzib prove that he [alone] can shoulder this difficult
task (task (viz.viz., ruling India). But there is great sickness and, ruling India). But there is great sickness and
infirmity in his physical frame. (infirmity in his physical frame. (V erseV erse))
Then, whom will he wish for as a friend and to whom willThen, whom will he wish for as a friend and to whom will
his heart incline?´his heart incline?´Text .Text . ² ²Ir. MS. 14Ir. MS. 14a .a . Not in MS. N. This anecdote occurs inNot in MS. N. This anecdote occurs in
many other collections and is No. 5 in the lithographedmany other collections and is No. 5 in the lithographed
Ruqaat Ruqaat--i i --Alamg i r i. Alamg i r i.