SHIFT ON THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH

ACTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS INTO INDONESIAN

ABSTRAK

The pur/X)se of this research is to find out the kinds of shift occured on the translationof English active constructions into Indonesian. This research uses a descriptivemethod that all of the data that are anlyzed are in the form of phenomenondescription and in the form of words or sentences not in the form of numbers. Thetechniques in analyzing data are editing, classification of data, presenting dataand interpretation of data. The data are taken from two sources of novels, theyare the English version which entitled The Naked face by Sidney Sheldon andIndonesian version which entitled Wajah Sang Pembunuh by Anton Adiwiyoto.Data are classified into two categories, they are: the occurrence of shift of Englishactive into Indonesian active, and the occurrence of shift of English active intoIndonesian passive. The result of this research is the kinds of shift that the writerfound are structural and rank shift.

Keywords: shift, active, passive, rank, structural

Defi Julianli

Faculty of Letters,Gunadarma University

defi_julianti@staff.gunadanna.ac.id

INTRODUCTION

Translation is one of the most importantlessons in mastering English or otherlanguages in this world. In translation,we have to master grammar, vocabulary,and structure. Translation is made for

those who do not understand the meaningof source language. That is why practicesas needed; therefore, the theories andaims of translation should be clear.. The

translations method is entirely used totransfer meaning. According to Larson, (1984 : 3 ) translations consists oftransferring the meaning of the sourceinto receptor language. But it is not termof transferring the meaning, but alsolearns about lexicon, grammatical/structure, communication situation,culture context from source language textinto receptor or target language. In orderto make a good translation, we have totranslate one language into another ingood words and easy to understand. Atranslator has to master the characteristics

of both languanges: the source languangeand target language. A translator also hasto do a lot of practices and knows wellabout direction of translation in order to

be able to produce a satisfied translation.As we know that English active and

passive constructions are based on tenses,such as the construction of English activein past time is S + V2 + O. Meanwhile,in order to express time, Indonesian usesaspect (lexical unit) and adverb of timeto know when it is happened.

Based on the difference above the

writer would like to analyze the translationof English active constructions intoIndonesian whether in active or passiveform. In this case the shift will occur in

the way the translator translates thesource language into target language. Theshift occured since the English andIndonesian do not come from the same

language family and the rules are alsodifferent because they have their owncharacteristics.

The problem of this reseach is whatare the kinds of shifts that occured in the

translation of target language in this caseis in Indonesian from English active formas the source language. So the purpose ofthis research is to find out the kinds of

shift occured on the translation of English

active constructions into Indonesian.The data for the research are taken

from two novels, they are: the Englishversion, entitled The Naked Face bySidney Sheldon and its Indonesianversion, entitled Wajah Sang Pembunuhby Anton Adiwiyoto. The scope of theresearch is the writer limits the problemby not analyzing the passive Englishconstruction and also the tense of Englishsentences.

THEORETICAL REVIEW

Definition of Translation

Newmark (1988:85) define translation isrendering the meaning of a text intoanother language in the way that theauthor intended the text. Nida and Taber

(1969:12) in their book The Theory andPractice of Translation defined thattranslating is reproducing in the receptorlanguage the closest natural equivalenceof the source language message, first inthe terms of meaning and secondly in theterms of style. Meanwhile based on Larson(1984:3) stated that translation is studyingthe lexicon, grammatical stucture,communication situation and cultural

context of the source language text;analyzing it in order to determine itsmeaning; and then reconstructuring thissame meaning using the lexican andlanguage and its cultural context.

Based on what are stated, translationis the transfer of the meaning or renderof the message from a text of a sourcelanguage (SL) into target language (TL)which emphasizes the meaning not theform by studying the lexicon, grammaticalstructure, communication situation, andcultural context.

Definition of English ActiveConstructions

In English there are two constructionsrelated to the verb is used. The first oneis active construction and the second one

is the passive construction. Theseconstructions are called voice. Voice in

English grammar refers to the active orpassive use of a verb.

According to Frank (1972/55), theactive voice is used in making a straight

forward statement about an action; thatis the "doer" of the action is grammticalsubject and the

"receiver"

of the action

the grammatical object. It means thataccording to Frank, active sentencecontains of subject and object. Brintonstated (1984:117) that voice is anindication of whether the subject isperforming action or being something(active voice) or whether the subject isbeing affected or being acted upon(passive voice). It means that in activesentence subject is performing action orbeing something.

Meanwhile Greenbaum and quirk(1990:44) stated that the distinctionbetween active and passive applies onlyto sentence where the verb is transitive.

Tallerman also stated (1998:179) that theactive sentences all have a transitive verb;

a verb that has a subject and direct object.From the definitions, we can concludethat the active sentence has transitiveverb as the verb of the sentence. We can

draw a pattern like this: S + transitiveverb + object as the active construction.

Defintion of Indonesian ActiveConstructions

Indonesian active sentence according toSugono (1999:106) is the doer of thesentence is a subject of an action whichstated by a verb. He also stated that thereare two types of active sentences. The firstone is active sentences that does not have

an object (intransitive) and the secondone is an active sentence that has an object(transitive).

Purwo (1989:86) stated that in activesentence, the verbs have prefix me (n)-and ber. Besides verbs that have prefixme (n)- or ber-, there are some verbs thatdo not have any prefix which can be usedas active verbs, such as : kami makan mie(we eat noodle), saya minum susu (I drinkmilk). The meanings of active sentencewith prefix me- are : 1) to get the meaningof to do something, prefix me- is addedbefore nouns, 2) to get the meaning ofperforming an action by using tools, prefixme- is added to the noun that is stated as

a stool, 3) to get the meaning of toproduce, prefix me-, has to be added tothe noun that is stated thing that isproduced, 4) to get the meaning of to

22 UG .Jurnal Vol. 7 No. 01 Tahun 2013