Download - Show-Ling Jang Che -Jung Hsu Tzu-Ti Lin Department of Economics, National Taiwan University
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International Technology Trade and Innovation Efficiency:A Cross-Country Study
Show-Ling JangChe-Jung Hsu
Tzu-Ti LinDepartment of Economics, National Taiwan University
Dar-Zen Chen Department of Economics, National Taiwan University
Mu-Hsuan Huang Department of Economics, National Taiwan University
Annual Paris Conference on “Money, Economy and Management”
July 2011
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1. Introduction
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Innovation
TechnologyImprovemen
t
TFPShock
EconomicGrowth
Crucial For Every Nation!
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Conventional Policy Making
Technological Improvement Depends On
R&D Expenditure
Researchers
Technicians
Reference: Wang and Huang (2007); Sharma and Thomas (2008)
This neglects EXTERNAL sourcing!
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Measurement of External Sourcing:Technology Balance of Payment (TBP)
TBP payments capture the firm’s activities of importing the disembodied technology, while TBP receipts enable us to measure the exportation of disembodied technology through export
Reference: TBP Manual (1990); Hollanders (2008)
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Reasonably Using TBP Data
However, TBP data has its limitations, and sometimes can be misused.Ex: Some policy makers tend to merely consider surplus or deficit of technological trade when proposing new policies
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Our Research Purpose•Prop
osing a reasonably framework for policy makers to utilizing TBP data
I
•Conducting an innovation efficiency measurement encompassing both internal and external indicators
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2. Technology Balance of Payment
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Table1 TBP in 32 Countries
Note: * Original data are missing and have been filled in by linear interpolation of the closest years’ observations .Source: OECD(2010)
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TBP Analyses
Conventional
SurplusOr
Deficit
TotalQuantit
y
Suggested
Input
Share
TBPFlow
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Table2 Ratio of TBP Receipts to Payments
Source: OECD(2010)
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Table 3aTop 5 Import Sources of Selected Countries
Source: International Economic Accounts; BEA; Indicators of S&T in Japan; MEXT.
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Table 3bTop 5 Export Destinations of Selected Countries
Source: International Economic Accounts; BEA; Indicators of S&T in Japan; MEXT.
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3. Innovation Efficiency
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Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
DEA is a widely acknowledged linear programming model for calculating efficiency, even in cross-country studies.Ex: Rousseau and Rousseau (1997)Wang and Huang (2007)Sharma and Thomas (2008)
Reference: Charnes et al.(1994); Farrel(1957); Banker et al.(1984)
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Chosen Variables
•R&D Expenditure
•TBP Payments
Input
•Patent Counts
•H-index for Patents
•Research Publications
•TBP Receipts
Output
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Table 6Descriptive Statistics of Variables in DEA
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Empirical Results
•Canada, the US, Singapore, and Taiwan are seen as nations which most efficiently allocate their research resources in terms of innovation.
I
•After taking technological trade into consideration, we have more accurate results.
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Table 7Innovation Efficiency Scores in DEA
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4. Conclusion
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Concluding Remarks
•TBP is a both practical and convenient indicator, on condition that we analyze and interpret it properly
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•Both internal and external indicators should be taken into consideration when analyzing national innovation efficiency
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THANK YOU!