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The realized niche of the endangered blunt-nosed leopard lizard (Gambelia sila) is determined by interactions between native shrubs and invasive annual grass.
Alessandro Filazzola, Westphal M., Powers M., Liczner, A.R., Johnson, B. & Lortie, C.J.
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Filazzola & Lortie 2014
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Lortie et al. 2015
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Bruno et al. 2003
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Lortie et al. 2015
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Direct
Thermoregulatio
n
Territory
landmark
Shelter
Intermediaryspecies
Indirect
Increase food availability
Protection from
predators
Burrows
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Distributional records for blunt-nosed leopard lizardUSFWS 1998
Ciervo-PanocheNatural Area
Carrizo PlainNational Monument
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Hypothesis: Plant-interactions either positive from shrubs or negative from invasive grasses can scale to other trophic levels such as lizards.
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P1: Lizard presence relatively higher in shrubs than open microsites
especially shrubs with high canopy cover
P2: Burrows & trails are more frequent in shrubs and strongly predict lizard
occurrence.
P3: Lizards occurrence will be more frequent in areas of high shrub density
and low annual cover (RDM)
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Methods
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Methods
ShrubsDimensionsVolumeCanopy coverBurrowsTrailsScat
Annual cover Residual dry matter weight
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Methods
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Data analyses
Ordinary kriging -> for interpretation of intermediary points
Statistical tests -> Logistic regression
Auto-correlation -> Getis-Ord cluster analysis
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Microscale results
= 1.87; max = 7
p < 0.001
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Microscale results
N.S.LengthHeightVolumeTrailsBurrows
P < 0.001CanopyRDM
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P1: Lizard presence relatively higher in shrubs than open microsites
especially shrubs with high canopy cover
P2: Burrows & trails are more frequent in shrubs and strongly predict lizard
occurrence.
P3: Lizards occurrence will be more frequent in areas of high shrub density
and low annual cover (RDM)
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+
-
+?
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Conservation & management
50% of shrubs from 2013 also had scat in 2014
Lizard families from the previous year
The “Perfect” shrub
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Conservation & management
Lizards have short home ranges, 2-4 hectares (Warrick et al. 1998)
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Implications for ecology
Shrubs may be integral in structuring animal communities
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Implications for ecology
Shrubs may be integral in structuring animal communities
Shrubs extend the realized niche for animals
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Implications for ecology
Shrubs may be integral in structuring animal communities
Shrubs extend the realized niche for animals
“Facilitation renaissance”
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Thank you!!
The Ecoblender labBLM Hollister Field OfficeDeborah WoollettThe Working Dogs’ crewTia, Orby, Seamus
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