Download - Siemens Parameters Training
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By:
H.Bahmani
Dec.2011
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o BR8.0 OBJECT TREE OF BSC DATABASE OBJECTS
o BSC COMMANDS AND PARAMETERS (Dump)
o Channel Configuration
o Hierarchical Cell Structure
o Interference Reduction
o Radio Link Failure
o Some Major Siemens Parameters
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Database Tree of Parameters
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Database Tree of Parameters
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DUMP Structure
SET MELSET BSCSET BSCE
CREATE QSTHRSCREATE GBIPLNKCREATE LICDSCREATE CPCU
CREATE PCUCREATE NSVLIPCREATE PCMBCREATE PCMS
CREATE TRAUCREATE LPDLSSET TSLA
CREATE PCMACREATE SUBTSLBCREATE BTSCREATE CHAN
SET TRXCREATE ADJCCREATE SS7LCREATE SCAN
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Channel Configuration
o Channel Configuration Overview
o Control Channel Configuration
o Dedicated Channels
o Random Access Channels
o Paging/Access Channels & Notification Channels
o Extended Channel Mode
o
AMR
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Channel Configuration
Channel Configuration Overview
On the radio interface Um 2 subbands for the MS-BTS
Duplex connection is defined:
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Channel Configuration
Channel Configuration Overview
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Channel Configuration
Channel Configuration Overview
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Channel Configuration
Channel Configuration Overview
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Channel Configuration
Channel Configuration Overview
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Channel Configuration
Channel Configuration Overview
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Channel Configuration
Channel Configuration Overview
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Channel Configuration
Channel Configuration Overview
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Channel Configuration
Channel Configuration Overview
Channel Organization in a cell
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Channel Configuration
Channel Configuration Overview
Combined-BCCH
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Channel Configuration
Channel Configuration Overview
Non-Combined-BCCH
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Channel Configuration
Control Channel Configuration
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Channel ConfigurationControl Channel Configuration: Dedicated Channels
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Channel ConfigurationControl Channel Configuration: Dedicated Channels
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Channel ConfigurationControl Channel Configuration: Dedicated Channels
- Smooth Channel Modification (Dynamic TCH/SDCCH)
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Channel ConfigurationControl Channel Configuration: Dedicated Channels
- RF Pool Concept (Pooling TCH/SDCCH)
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Channel ConfigurationControl Channel Configuration: Dedicated Channels
- RF Pool Concept (Pooling TCH/SDCCH)
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Channel ConfigurationControl Channel Configuration: Dedicated Channels
- SDCCH Allocation Strategy
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Channel ConfigurationControl Channel Configuration: Dedicated Channels
- SDCCH Release Strategy
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Channel ConfigurationControl Channel Configuration: Dedicated Channels
- TCH Allocation/Release Strategy
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Channel ConfigurationControl Channel Configuration: Dedicated Channels
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Channel ConfigurationControl Channel Configuration: Dedicated Channels
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Channel Configuration
Random Access Channel
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Channel Configuration
Random Access Channel
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Channel Configuration
Random Access Channel: RACH Parameters
RACHBT=RACH busy threshold, defines a threshold for the signal level on
the RACH. The general purpose of this parameter is to define a minimum
level criterion a received RACH signal must fulfill to be regarded as a real
RACH access.
RACHBT=109,
object: BTS [BASICS]
unit: -1dBm
range: 0..127
default: 109
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Channel ConfigurationRandom Access Channel: RACH Parameters
MAXRETR= Maximum number of retransmissions, this parameterdefines the maximum number of retransmission attempts the MS can performon the RACH if the previous attempts have been unsuccessful. To request adedicated control channel (normally an SDCCH) from the network, the MSperforms a RACH access by sending a CHANNEL REQUEST message to theBSS via the RACH. In the successful case, the MS receives an IMMEDIATE
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND via the AGCH. The MS regards an access attempt unsuccessful when it has neither received an
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT COMMAND or - if no SDCCH is available in thecell - an IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT REJECT via the AGCH before the timedefined by the parameter NSLOTST (see below) has expired.
MAXRETR=FOUR,
object: BTS [CCCH]
range: ONE, TWO, FOUR,
SEVEN
default: FOUR
Reference: GSM 04.08
GSM 05.08
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Channel ConfigurationRandom Access Channel: RACH Parameters
NSLOTST=Number of slot spread transmission, determines the cycleperiod for retransmission of RACH accesses (i.e. transmission of a
CHANNEL REQUEST message), i.e. it determines the time an MS must wait
after a RACH access attempt before a new one can be started. In the
mobile the retransmission mechanism is continuously executed after the
first RACH access and only stopped if an IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENTCOMMAND or (if no SDCCH is available) an IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT
REJECT message is received from the BSS via the AGCH.
NSLOTST=10,
object: BTS [CCCH]
range: 0..15
default: 10
Reference: GSM 04.08
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Channel ConfigurationRandom Access Channel: Immediate Assignment Procedure
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Channel Configuration
Paging/Access Grant Channels
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Channel Configuration
Paging/Access Grant Channels
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Channel Configuration
Paging/Access Grant Channels
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Channel Configuration
Extended Channel Mode
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Channel Configuration
Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR)
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Channel Configuration
Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR)
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Channel Configuration
Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR)
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Channel Configuration
Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR: Parameters)
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Channel Configuration
Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR: Parameters)
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Channel Configuration
Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR: Parameters)
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BSS o Measurement Parameterso Access Related Parameters
o Cell Selection/Reselection Parameters
o Frequency Hopping Parameters
o Power Control Parameterso Handover Parameters
o Paging Parameters
o Radio Link Control
o DTX Parameters
o Hierarchical Cell Structure Parameters
o Radio Resource Timers (GSM Timers)
o
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BSS Measurement Parameters
The parameters are used for averaging and reporting interference levels inidle traffic channels.
INTAVEPR=1..31, Averaging period for idle TCH measurements, definesthe number of SACCH multiframes (480ms = 4 multiframes, theinterleaving
function distributes the SACCH info over 4 bursts) over which values areaveraged (value 1..31).
PAVRLEV= 4-2, Power control averaging parameters level, defines theaveraging parameters for the RXLEV measurements.
HOAVELEV=8-2, Handover averaging parameters for level handover, thisparameter defines the size of the gliding averaging window and the DTXweighting factor for the uplink and downlink RXLEV measurements forlevel handovers.
HOAVPWRB=8, Handover averaging window for power budget handover,defines the size of the size of the averaging window for downlink RXLEVvalues of the serving cell
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BSS Access Related Parameters
The parameters are used to control access of MS to the network.
MAXRETR=FOUR, Maximum number of retransmissions, this parameterdefines the maximum number of retransmission attempts the MS can
perform on the RACH if the previous attempts have been unsuccessful.
CELLBARR=FALSE, Cell barred, the value TRUE indicates that the cellis barred and camping or any other access to the cell is forbidden.
CREALL=NOTALLOWED, Call re-establishment allowed, indicateswhether the MS may try to start a Call re-establishment procedure.
NBLKACGR=1,Number of blocks for access grant, specifies the numberof CCCH blocks to be reserved in each configured CCCH timeslot for theAccess Grant Channel (AGCH) during a period of 51 TDMA frames, i.e.one multiframe.
RXLEVAMI=6, Minimum received level at the MS required for access tothe network on the RACH.
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BSS Cell Selection/Reselection Parameters
The parameters are used to control cell Selection/Reselectionof MS to the network.
CELLRESH=2, Cell reselect hysteresis, indicates the value of
the receiver RF power level hysteresis required for cellreselection (MS in idle mode) on the basis of the path losscriterion C1.
CRESOFF=1, This parameter is one of the necessary inputvalues for the calculation of C2. It applies an offset to the cellreselection criterion C2.
TEMPOFF=1, It applies a negative offset to C2 for theduration of the penalty time.
CRESPARI=1, indicates the presence of C2 cell reselectionparameters on the BCCH.
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BSS Frequency Hopping Parameters
HOPMODE=BBHOP, Hopping Mode, this parameterindicates whether baseband hopping or synthesizer hopping isto be used in this cell.
HOPP=TRUE, Frequency hopping enabled, indicates whetherfrequency hopping is manually enabled in the BTS by theoperator.
MAIO=0, Mobile allocation index offset. HSN=10, Hoppingsequence number, determines the hopping sequence.respective algorithm.
MOBALLOC=CALLF01&CALLF02&..., Mobile allocationlist, this parameter defines is a list of those cell allocationfrequencies used in the hopping sequence.
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BSS Power Control Parameters
PWRRED=6, Power reduction, specifies the number of 2-dB-stepsthe Tx power should be reduced from the maximum transmit power.
PWRINCSS=DB6, Power increase step size, defines the step sizeused when increasing the MS transmit power.
PWREDSS=DB2, Power reduction step size, defines the step size
used when reducing the MS transmit power. EMSPWRC= ADAPTIVE, Enable MS power control, determines
whether the BTS instructs the MS to dynamically adjust its sendingpower according to the current radio conditions. MS Power Controlis used to save MS battery capacity and to minimize the uplinkinterference on the radio interface.
EBSPWRC=ADAPTIVE, Enable BS power control, determineswhether the BTS dynamically adjusts its sending power according tothe current radio conditions (on non-BCCH carriers). Enabling BSPower Control results in a minimization of the downlink interferenceon the radio interface.
BSS
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BSS Handover Parameters
HOM=69, Handover margin, this parameter defines a threshold for thepower budget handover.
RXQUALHO=TRUE, RxQual handover enabled, determines whetherhandover due to bad receive quality on uplink or downlink is enabled.
RXLEVHO=TRUE, RxLevel handover enabled, determines whetherhandover due to low receive level on uplink or downlink is enabled.
PBGTHO=TRUE, Power budget handover enabled, determines whetherhandover due to power budget is enabled.
DISTHO=TRUE, Distance Handover enabled, determines whetherhandover due to long distance between MS and BTS is enabled.
NOBAKHO=TRUE, No back handover, this flag determines whether thefeature Prevention of Backhandovers is enabled or not.
RXLEVMIN=12, Rx level minimum, determines the minimum receivedsignal level the adjacent cell must provide to be regarded as a suitable targetcell for handover. It is the minimum Rx level required for a MS to performthe handover to the adjacent cell.
BSS
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BSS Paging Parameters
NFRAMEPG=2, Number of multiframes between paging, definesthe number of multiframes (51 TDMA frames) between twotransmissions of the same paging message to mobiles of the same.paging group. The paging group determines which CCCH blocks theMS shall monitor for incoming paging messages. By just monitoringa subset of the CCCH blocks for paging (Discontinuous Reception(DRX)) the MS can save battery capacity.
IMSIATDT=TRUE, If this parameter is set to TRUE the MSs arerequested by the above mentioned BCCH parameter to send an .IMSIAttach. message when they are switched on respectively an .IMSIDetach. message when they are switched off.
NBLKACGR=1, Number of blocks for access grant, specifies thenumber of CCCH blocks to be reserved in each configured CCCHtimeslot for the Access Grant Channel (AGCH) during a period of 51TDMA frames, i.e. one multiframe.
BSS
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BSS Radio Link Control Parameters
RDLNKTO=4, Radio link timeout, the value entered for
this parameter determines the value of the parameter
RADIO_LINK_TIMEOUT is used by the MS to calculate
the maximum value of the radio link counter (.S. counter)in the MS which is needed to detect a radio link failure in
the downlink.
BSS
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0BSS DTX Parameters DTXDLFR=FALSE, Discontinuous transmission
downlink for FR calls enabled, specifies whether.discontinuous transmission downlink (DTX downlink). isenabled for FR calls in the BTS.
DTXDLHR=FALSE, Discontinuous transmissiondownlink for HR calls enabled, specifies whetherdiscontinuous transmission (DTX) is enabled for HR callsin the BTS
DTXUL=SHLFSHNH, Discontinuous transmissionuplink enabled, specifies whether discontinuoustransmission (DTX) shall be used by the MS.
BSS
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Radio Resource Timers Many radio resource timers exist in GSM.
Generally speaking, their main purpose is
to ensure de-allocation of radio resourcesafter the failure of some resource
allocation process,
And thus ensure maximum utilization and
minimum wastage of resources.
1BSS
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Radio Resource Timers-1
1) T3111 =HLFSEC-1,
This timer is used during the normal layer 2 channel release procedure. Its purpose is to
maintain the dedicated channel in an active state long enough for the MS to repeat the L2
DISC message if required.
T3111 commences when the first DISC is received by the BSS, and up to 5 repetitions of the
DISC are allowed, at intervals of T200 (235ms on SDCCH, 166ms on FACCH). This means
that the maximum time that the dedicated channel needs to be held is 1175ms (5 x 235ms). Ahigher setting of rr_t3111 will hold SDCCH or TCH resources longer than necessary, possibly
introducing SDCCH or TCH congestion.
A lower setting could result in two mobile stations being active on the same channel. To avoid
the possibility of 2 mobile stations active on the same channel and to safely minimize channel
usage, it is recommended that T3111 be set to 1200ms across all cells (Aircom
recommendation).
object: BTS [TIMER]
units: MS100 = 100 ms
HLFSEC = 0,5 sec
SEC5 = 5s
range: 0..255
default: HLFSEC-1
T3111
purpose: security period for acknowledgement of the main signaling link
disconnection
start: receipt of the RELEASE INDICATION message
expiryaction: sending of the RF CHANNEL RELEASE message
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Radio Resource Timers-2
2) T3212=10, timer for periodic location update, A recovery in the VLR normally leads to the loss of the subscriber data. Periodic location update is used to ensure
the continuous update of subscriber data in the VLR even if the subscriber remains in the same location area.
This timer is reset to 0 and started when a signaling activity has taken place on the radio path (e.g. Location update,
MOC, IMSI Attach). When the MS is powered down the current value of T3212 is kept in memory. When the MS
is powered up the timer starts running from the value thus contained in memory. On expiry the MS initiates a
location updating.
This parameter is sent on the BCCH (SYSTEM INFORMATION TYPE 3) in the IE .Control Channel Description. If the IMSI detach feature is enabled this timer should be set to a value less than the MSC/VLR implicit
detach timer.
If the setting is vice versa, the MS may be set to .detached. in the VLR even before it executes a Periodic Location
Update.
The effect of this timer change will be to improve the mobile terminated call set up success rate measuredby the MSC and perceived by anybody trying to call a mobile station from either the fixed network oranother mobile station.
object: BTS [OPTIONS]
unit: 1 decihour (6 min)
range: 0..255
0 means .infinite timeout., i.e. periodic loc. Updating is used in the cell..
default: 10 = 60 min.
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Radio Resource Timers-3
3) RDLNKTBS (Radio link counter BS )=20,(Aircom Recommendation: 16 SACCH, )
Radio_link_timeout governs the number of missing downlink SACCH messages which should
occur before a radio-link-loss is determined by the mobile.
It is recommended to set this timeout to 7.7 seconds (16 SACCH) for all cells, in line with the
link_fail recommendation above.
It is a very small percentage of calls which would recover from a losing SACCH for longer
than 7.7 seconds and the user is likely to have released the call anyway due to loss of audio.
This will help to maximize the use of TCH resources by returning them to the radio resource
pool as soon as possible, but without losing calls which might otherwise recover..
If .Call Re-Establishment. (see parameter CREALL) is enabled a low value of radio link time-
out increases the number of call reestablishments because a decrease of RDLNKTO may lead
to an earlier declaration of radio link failures
object: PWRC
range: 4-64
step size: 4 (range 4, 8, 12, ... 60, 64)
default: 20
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Radio Resource Timers-4
4) RDLNKTO (Radio link timeout=4), (Aircom Recommendation:16 SACCH, )
The link fail timer governs the number of missing uplink SACCH messages that
should occur before a radio-link-loss is determined by the BSS.
As the loss of uplink SACCH indicates that uplink audio is also lost, it is likely that
the subscriber will have terminated the call after 16 SACCH multiframes have
passed. This represents a time period of 7.7 seconds. The benefit of minimizing this timer value is that the holding time of the channel
following any radio link loss is minimized, while still allowing sufficient time for
the link to recover before the subscriber gives up and terminates the call.
object: BTS [BASICS]range: 0..150 = counter value 415 = counter value 64default: 4
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Radio Resource Timers-5
5) T3109 =HLFSEC-8 (TCH Reallocation Timer), This timer prevents the reallocation of a channel, following the detection of an
uplink radio link loss. The MS may still be transmitting on the channel until
radio_link_timeout expires.
T3109 should therefore be set to a value greater than radio_link_timeout.
Based on a radio_link_timeout of 16 SACCH as recommended above, then it isrecommended that T3109 should be reduced to 8000ms for all cells. This will ensure
that channels will be released as soon as is safely possible following a radio link
loss, increasing channel availability, avoiding any unnecessary SDCCH or TCH
congestion.
object: BTS [TIMER]
units: MS100 = 100 ms
HLFSEC = 0,5 sec
SEC5 = 5s
range: 0..255
default: HLFSEC-8
T3109
purpose: timer for forced deactivation of radio channels in case of
communication loss towards the MS
start: sending of the CHANNEL RELEASE message
expiry action: sending of the RF CHANNEL RELEASE message
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Radio Resource Timers-6
6) BSCT10=HLFSEC-10, (Assignment Guard Timer))=> 14000 (Aircom)),
This timer runs at the BTS during the assignment procedure, guarding the non-receipt of the
assignment complete or assignment failure message from the MS.
On expiry of this timer, the radio channels will be released and a Clear Request message sent
to the MSC .
This timer must be sufficiently long to maximize the probability of a successful assignment. In
worst case conditions the MS will take about 13s to fail an assignment and recover to thesource channel. Therefore the timer setting 14000 ms is recommended.
object: BSC [TIMER]unit: HLFSEC=0,5s
SEC5=5s
range: 0..254
default: HLFSEC-10
T10
purpose:
a)Assignment procedure: release of the associated resources if the MS is lost during the
assignment procedure.
b)Intra-cell handover: keep the old channels available for a sufficient time in order to
allow the MS to return to the old channel return to it if the handover is not successful andto release the old channel if the MS is lost during the handover procedure.
start: a) & b): sending of an ASSIGNMENT COMMAND by the BSC
stop: a) & b): receipt of an ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE or an ASSIGNMENT
FAILURE from the MS
expiry action: a)Assignment procedure: Sending of an ASSIGNMENT FAILURE to the
MSC with cause radio interface message failure followed by release of the call resources.
b)Intra-cell handover: Sending of a CLEAR REQUEST to the MSC with
cause radio interface message failure followed by release of the call
resources (CLEAR CMD received from MSC).
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Radio Resource Timers-7
7) BSCT8=HLFSEC-10, (Handover Guard Timer)=> 14000 (Aircom)),
This timer runs at the source BTS during an intra-BSC or inter-BSC handover.
This timer determines the time to receive the HANDOVER COMPLETE message.
T8 is defined as the time that BSC layer 3 will wait for a handover to complete before
releasing the source channel.
The value must be bigger than the sum of the time for all messages to be sent to the MS plus
the time to access a target and come back (if necessary). Rule: BSCT8 < TTRAU (for TTRAU see command SET BTS [TIMER])
This setting is necessary to ensure that a signaling failure (T8 and T10) is detected before
transcoder failure (TTRAU)
object: BSC [TIMER]unit: HLFSEC=0,5s
SEC5=5s
range: 0..254
default: HLFSEC-10
T8
purpose: keep the old channels available for a sufficient time in order to allow the MS to
return to the old channel return to it if the handover is not successful and to release the
old channel if the MS is lost.start: transmission of a HANDOVER COMMAND from the BSC to the MS
stop:
a) intra-BSC handover: receipt of a HANDOVER COMPLETE or a HANDOVER
FAILURE from the MS
b) inter-BSC handover: receipt of a CLEAR COMMAND from the MSC
or HANDOVER FAILURE from the MS
expiry action:Sending of a CLEAR REQUEST to the MSC with cause radio interface
message failure followed by release of the call resources (CLEAR CMD received fromMSC).
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Radio Resource Timers-8
T3101=HLFSEC-6, This timer is started, when a channel
is allocated with an IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT
message and stopped when the MS has correctly seized
the channels (ESTABLISH INDICATION is received for
the assigned channel). If the dedicated channel is not
established before T3101 expires, the allocated channel is
released.
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Radio Resource Timers-9
T3105=MS10-10, The Timer T3105 is used for the
repetition of PHYSICAL INFORMATION message
during the handover procedure between non synchronized
cells. After receipt of HANDOVER ACCESS bursts with
a correct handover reference the BSS sends a PHYSICAL
INFORMATION message to the MS and starts timerT3105.
BSS
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2BSS Parameter for Priority Layer
Serving Cell
PL = Priority Layer Serving CellValue Range: 0 ... 15 step 1
Neighbour Cell - MSSHO deactivated (MSSHO = Mobile Speed Sensitive HO)
PLNC(n)= Priority LayerNeighbourCellValue Range: 0 ... 15 step 1
Neighbour Cell - MSSHO activated
Handover DelayTimer not yet started or still runningPPLNC(n)= Penalty Priority LayerNeighbourCell
Value Range: 0 ... 15 step 1
Handover Delay Timer is expired
PLNC(n)= Priority LayerNeighbourCell
Value Range: 0 ... 15 step
Handover
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Handover
1800 900 HO
Better Cell HO: is not permitted, PLNC (900) > PL (1800)
Level HO: Calls will be HO from 1800 layer to 900 layer if you reach a certain levelset by the HOLTHLVDL parameters
Main Parameters :
HOLTHLVDL (0-63): Lower threshold for rxlevel on the downlink for handover (e.g.25)
RXLEVMIN (0-63): minimum received signal strength in 900 cell for HO (e.g. 10)
PLNC (0-15): priority layer of the neighbor cell (e.g. 9)
PL = 9
PL= 6
900
1800
900
1800
PLNC =9
Cell A
Cell B
Cell C
Cell D
Distance
Signal
Level
HOLTHLDL
Cell A
Cell C
Handover
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Handover
1800 1800 HO
Better Cell HO:permitted as the Priority of the 1800 cells are the same.
Level HO:permitted
Main Parameters :
HOM (0-126) (63= 0dB): Handover Margin for Better cell HO (e.g 68)
RXLEVMIN (0-63): minimum received signal strength in 1800 cell for HO (e.g. 30)
HIERF (0-1): is used to switch between two ranking methods for Level HO (e.g. 0)
PLNC: e.g. 6
PL = 9
PL= 6
900
1800
900
1800
PLNC =6
Distance
Signal
Level
HOM
Cell A Cell B
Cell A
Cell B
Cell CCell D
Handover
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Handover
900 1800 HO
Better Cell HO:permitted as the Priority of the 1800 cells are higher than the 900 cells.
Level HO:permitted, but not likely to happen
Main Parameters :
HOM (0-126) (63= 0dB): Handover Margin for Better cell HO, -ve HO (e.g. 53)
RXLEVMIN (0-63): minimum received signal strength in 1800 cell for HO (e.g. 30)
PLNC: e.g. 6
PL = 9
PL= 6
900
1800
900
1800
PLNC =6
Distance
Signal
Level
RXLEVMIN
Cell B
Cell D
Cell ACell B
Cell CCell D
Handover
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Handover
900 900 HO
Better Cell HO:permitted as the Priority of the 900 cells are the same.
Level HO:permitted
Main Parameters :
HOM (0-126) (63= 0dB): Handover Margin for Better cell HO (e.g. 68)
RXLEVMIN (0-63): minimum received signal strength in 900 cell for HO (e.g. 10)
PLNC: e.g. 9
PL = 9
PL= 6
900
1800
900
1800
PLNC =9
Distance
Signal
Level
HOM
Cell C Cell D
Cell ACell B
Cell CCell D
Forced Handover (Directed Retry)
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Forced Handover (Directed Retry)
It occurs when no resources is available in the cell camped on
Main Parameters :
FHORLMO (0-24): offset for forced HO is a cell specific parameter used withintheBTS to select only target cells for forced HO which the MS can HO too.(e.g. 0 for900 cells, 6 for1800 cells)
TIMERFHO (1-320) (1 step = 10sec) :Timer to control the back Handover to sourcecell in case of forced HO (e.g. 10)
PL = 9
PL= 6
900
1800
900
1800
Cell A
Cell B
Cell CCell D
Mobile Speed Sensitive Handover
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Mobile Speed Sensitive Handover
HCS is capable of taking into account the mobile speed
The Mobile Speed Sensitive HO functionality shifts stationary and slow-moving
traffic to indoor (pico) or micro cell layers
Better call quality
reduced congestion in the macro cell layers
The Mobile Speed Sensitive HO functionality steers and keeps fast-moving traffic to
macro or umbrella cell layers
enhanced grade of service
reduced signaling load in the fixed network
Mobile Speed Sensitive Handover
Example
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Example
Macrocell
Slow Mobile SMat (3,6km/h)
start of timerandmicro-coverage
end ofmicro-coverage
delay timer not startedFast Mobile FMat (36km/h)
200m0
0
delay time: 20 sec
Microcell
m
snap shot at t=10 sec;delay timer is running
0
0}m
MSSHO
200m
snap shot at t=22 sec;delay timer expired
0
0
}m
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